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Asthma, Allergy & Immunology Clinic
Download detailed PDF Members: Allergic rhinitis or "hay fever." Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are sneezing, congestion, itching and dripping of the nose, and itchy, watery eyes. There are basically two types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal (for example, during fall, spring, or both) and perennial (year-round). Seasonal allergic rhinitis refers to allergies caused by pollen from trees, grasses, and/or weeds. Perennial allergic rhinitis is usually caused by dust, molds, and animal dander. Allergy testing can be performed to determine exactly which substances your body considers to be allergens. This is done by safely and effectively testing your skin, or sometimes your blood, using tiny amounts of commonly troublesome allergens. Adults and children of any age can be tested for allergies. Once your allergy has been identified, it is important to avoid the allergen. A variety of medications are available to help relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis. These include antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroid sprays, and allergy shots (also called "immunotherapy"). Allergy shots are generally used in people with severe symptoms. Patients are injected with small and increasing doses of the offending allergen until they become less sensitive to it. Antihistamines work by stopping the chemical reaction in the body that causes allergy symptoms. Decongestants work by making the blood vessels smaller. Shrinking the blood vessels in the nose and sinuses helps to relieve nasal and sinus stuffiness. Nasal inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective type of treatment for both seasonal and perennial nasal allergy symptoms. Given as nasal sprays, nasal corticosteroids work by preventing and suppressing the inflammation in your nose.
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