Neurodegenerative Diseases: Next-Generation Drugs for Four Major Disorders
Author: Mark C. Via
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: PATHOLOGY, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
1.1. Report Focus: Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
1.2. Report Organization
1.3. Alzheimer’s Disease
Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
1.4. Parkinson’s Disease
Pathology of Parkinson’s Disease
Causes of Parkinson’s Disease
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease
1.5. Huntington’s Disease
Pathology of Huntington’s Disease.
Causes of Huntington’s Disease
Diagnosis of Huntington’s Disease
Epidemiology of Huntington’s Disease
1.6. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Causes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Chapter 2
CURRENT PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS
2.1. Alzheimer’s Disease
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Aricept (donepezil HCl)
Exelon (rivastigmine tartrate)
Razadyne (galantamine HBr
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
Namenda (memantine HCl)
Other Treatments
2.2. Parkinson’s Disease
Levodopa
Dopamine Agonists
Mirapex (pramipexole DiHCl
Requip (ropinirole HCl)
Neupro (rotigotine)
Apokyn (apomorphine)
Trivastal (piribedil)
COMT Inhibitors
Tasmar (tolcapone)
Comtan (entacapone)
MAO Inhibitors
Selegiline
Azilect (rasagiline)
Other Treatments for Motor Symptoms
Anticholinergics
Amantadine
Treatments for Non-Motor Symptoms
2.3. Huntington’s Disease
Dopamine Depletors
Xenazine (tetrabenazine)
Other Treatments
2.4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Glutamate Antagonists
Rilutek (riluzole)
Other Treatments
Chapter 3
COMPOUNDS IN DEVELOPMENT: THE NEXT GENERATION OF DRUGS FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
3.1. Alzheimer’s Disease
Cholinergic Dysfunction
Neuro-Hitech/Xel Pharmaceuticals
Debiopharm
Memory Pharmaceuticals/Roche
AstraZeneca/Targacept
Abbott Laboratories
EnVivo Pharmaceuticals
CoMentis
TorreyPines Therapeutics
Merck & Co.
ANAVEX Life Sciences
Medivation/Pfizer
Glutamatergic Dysfunction
Forest Laboratories/Merz Pharma
Evotec
Cortex Pharmaceuticals
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals
Addex Pharmaceuticals
Serotonergic Dysfunction
EPIX Pharmaceuticals/GlaxoSmithKline
Suven Life Sciences
Memory Pharmaceuticals
Histaminergic Dysfunction
Amyloid Cascade: Inhibiting Production
Eli Lilly
Humanetics/Mount Sinai School of Medicine
ExonHit Therapeutics
Eisai
CoMentis/Astellas Pharma
Noscira
JADO Technologies
RemeGenix
Medisyn Technologies
Neurobiological Technologies
Galapagos
Others
Amyloid Cascade: Stimulating Removal
Elan/Wyeth
Eli Lilly
Novartis Pharma/Cytos Biotechnology
Merck & Co./Acumen Pharmaceuticals
Intellect Neurosciences
Others
Pfizer/TransTech Pharma
Amyloid Cascade: Preventing Aggregation
BELLUS Health
Prana Biotechnology
Adeona Pharmaceuticals
Elan/Transition Therapeutics
ProteoTech
Archer Pharmaceuticals
D-Pharm
Probiodrug
Neuro-Hitech
PharmAthene
Nymox Pharmaceutical
AC Immune
Tau Pathology
TauRx Pharmaceuticals
Allon Therapeutics
Noscira
Oligomerix
Neuroprotection
Newron Pharmaceuticals
Intellect Neurosciences
Panacea Pharmaceuticals
Neurorestoration
Ceregene
NsGene
ENKAM Pharmaceuticals
Cholesterol and Energy Homeostasis
GlaxoSmithKline
Accera
Resverlogix
Second Messenger Modulation
Helicon Therapeutics
Memory Pharmaceuticals
deCODE Genetics
Sanofi-Aventis
3.2. Parkinson’s Disease
Dopaminergic Dysfunction
Vernalis
Spherics
XenoPort
NeuroDerm
Amarin
Depomed
Axxonis Pharma
Solvay Pharmaceuticals
Neurogen
NeuroSearch
NuPathe
Newron Pharmaceuticals/Merck Serono
Synosia Therapeutics
Paion
Targacept/GlaxoSmithKline
Intra-Cellular Therapies
Adenosine A2A Receptor Modulation
Adenosite A2A Receptor Modulation
Biogen Idec/Vernalis
Schering-Plough
Synosia Therapeutics
Others
Glutamatergic and Noradrenergic Dysfunction
Faust Pharmaceuticals
Addex Pharmaceuticals/Merck & Co.
Neurim Pharmaceuticals
VistaGen Therapeutics
Santhera Pharmaceuticals/Juvantia Pharma
Alpha-Synuclein Pathology
TauRx Pharmaceuticals
FoldRx Pharmaceuticals
ProteoTech
BioArctic Neuroscience
Rentschler Biotechnologie
Prana Biotechnology
Panacea Pharmaceuticals
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
Neuroprotection
Aeolus Pharmaceuticals
Vasogen
Trophos
Zenobia Therapeutics
Neurorestoration
Neurologix
Ceregene/Genzyme
Oxford BioMedica
Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics
NeuroNova
NsGene
ArmaGen Technologies
Sangamo BioSciences
3.3. Huntington’s Disease
Dopamine Overactivity
NeuroSearch
Glutamatergic Dysfunction
Cortex Pharmaceuticals
VistaGen
Huntingtin Pathology: Genetic Therapy
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Targeted Genetics
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals/Medtronic
Huntingtin Pathology: Preventing Aggregation
Raptor Pharmaceuticals
Repligen
Prana Biotechnology
Adeona Pharmaceuticals
Vertex Pharmaceuticals
Neuroprotection
Amarin
Intellect Neurosciences
Trophos
Neurologix
KeyNeurotek Pharmaceuticals
Neurorestoration
Ceregene
ENKAM Pharmaceuticals
Neurobiological Technologies
3.4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Glutamatergic Dysfunction
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
Faust Pharmaceuticals
SOD1 Pathology
CytRx
RXi Pharmaceuticals
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Amorfix Life Sciences/Biogen Idec
Neuroprotection
Aeolus Pharmaceuticals
Trophos
Maas Biolab
Trophic Factors
Sangamo BioSciences
NeuroNova
Oxford BioMedica
Ceregene
Genzyme/NsGene
Insmed
Sygnis Pharma
Microtubule Stabilization
KineMed
Chapter 4
CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
References
Company Index with Web Addresses