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MESH Definitions
Chloracne
ACNE-like skin eruptions caused by exposure to CHLORINE-containing compounds. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or through the skin. Chloracne is often seen in people who have occupational contact with chlorinated pesticides, wood preservatives, and sealants.
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome
Syndrome consisting of synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO). The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome.
Acneiform Eruptions
Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)
PubMed Articles
Management of Acne Scarring, Part I: A Comparative Review of Laser Surgical Approaches.
Acne scarring is the result of a deviation in the orderly pattern of healing and can have profound psychosocial implications for patients. While the most effective means of addressing acne scarring is to prevent its formation through good acne control, there are a number of therapeutic interventions that improve the appearance of acne scars. Many of these procedural modalities have flaws and are l...
Deep peeling using phenol versus percutaneous collagen induction combined with trichloroacetic acid 20% in atrophic post acne scars; a randomized controlled trial.
Abstract Background: Deep peeling using phenol and percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) are used in treating acne scars. Aim: To compare deep peeling using phenol and PCI combined with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 20% in treating atrophic acne scars. Methods: 24 patients with post acne atrophic scars were randomly divided into 2 groups; group 1 was subjected to one session of deep peeling using phe...
Isotretinoin and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Acne Patients Varies by Physician Specialty: Analysis of Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
Abstract Objective: To determine whether OCPs are underutilized in the treatment of acne in women of reproductive age, how use of OCPs compared to use of isotretinoin, and whether adequate use and documentation of OCPs is occurring with isotretinoin. Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) was analysed over the years 1993-2008 for isotretinoin and oral contraceptive use in fem...
Treatment of Severe Acne with Low-dose Isotretinoin.
Abstract is missing (Letter).
The effects of systemic isotretinoin and antibiotic therapy on the microbial floras in patients with acne vulgaris.
Background Although there are several studies about the alteration in skin flora, limited number of reports about changes in the microbial contents and their resistance profile of other body sites in patients treated with isotretinoin for acne vulgaris. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic isotretinoin and antibiotic therapy on the microbial floras of o...
Topical dose justification: benzoyl peroxide concentrations.
Abstract Background: Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is widely utilized in acne treatment as an alternative to antibiotics against which Propionibacterium acnes becomes more resistant. Objective: This overview examines BPO dose justification. Methods: PubMed, Embase® and Science Citation Index searches were conducted using the keywords "benzoyl peroxide" and "acne vulgaris". Results: Limited experiment...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 protect against acne conglobata.
Background Former studies have shown that Propionibacterium acnes may stimulate expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in keratinocytes of patients with acne vulgaris. Objective To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polumorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR4 gene in acne vulgaris. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 191 patients with acne vulgaris and 75 healthy controls. Asp299Gly an...
Acne: prevalence and relationship with dietary habits in Eskisehir, Turkey.
Background Acne vulgaris is a common disease affecting adolescents. There is not comprehensive data on acne prevalence in the Central Anatolia Region in particular. Etiology of acne is not clarified yet. Acne might be related to environmental factors. There is increasing evidence supporting acne and diet relationship. Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the acne prevalence in ad...
Phytomenadione pre-treatment in EGFR inhibitor-induced folliculitis.
Background Targeted oncology therapy with inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with numerous cutaneous side effects. Acneiform eruptions are the most frequent skin toxicities reported. They may lead to impairment of patients' quality of life and sometimes may even become severe enough to necessitate the interruption or cessation of therapy. Objective To assess the pos...
Efficacy of the addition of salicylic acid to clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide combination for acne vulgaris.
Clindamycin phosphate (CDP), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and salicylic acid (SA) are known to be effective acne therapy agents depending on their anti-inflammatory and comedolytic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of SA treatment to CDP and BPO (SA and CDP + BPO) and compare it with CDP + BPO in patients with mild to moderate...
Prevalence of Acne Vulgaris in Chinese Adolescents and Adults: A Community-based Study of 17,345 Subjects in Six Cities.
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition in adolescents. The prevalence of acne is thought to vary between ethnic groups and countries. A large-scale community-based study was performed in six cities in China to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors for acne in the Chinese population. A total of 17,345 inhabitants were included in this study. Of these, 1399 were found to have acne. No...
Acne as Seen by Adolescents: Results of Questionnaire Study in 852 French Individuals.
Acne can have an important psychological impact. We surveyed 852 adolescents aged 12-25 years about their knowledge of acne and its treatment in a non-medical context. The study involved a questionnaire administered to callers to a youth telephone helpline in France. Callers were categorized into those who currently had acne, those who had had acne previously, and those who had never had acne. Mos...
A microbial aetiology of acne-what is the evidence?
A microbial aetiology of acne has been suggested since the beginning of the last century. There is considerable evidence, circumstantial at best, which suggests that micro-organisms, particularly Propionibacterium acnes, are important in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. However, it is still unclear whether Propionibacterium acnes is actually a causal agent in the development of non-inflamed or i...
Acne: prevalence and relationship with dietary habits in Eskisehir, Turkey.
Background Acne vulgaris is a common disease affecting adolescents. There is not comprehensive data on acne prevalence in the Central Anatolia Region in particular. Etiology of acne is not clarified yet. Acne might be related to environmental factors. There is increasing evidence supporting acne and diet relationship. Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the acne prevalence in ad...
Self-Reported Acne Severity, Treatment, and Belief Patterns across Multiple Racial and Ethnic Groups in Adolescent Students.
Acne vulgaris is a common condition among adolescents regardless of age, gender, and race. We compare the frequency, severity, help-seeking behavior, treatment, and beliefs about acne among students based on race, ethnicity, gender, and age. Anonymous surveys were administered to 1,214 students aged 10-19 years of varied gender, race, and ethnicity in public middle and high schools in New Jersey....
Interleukin-1A +4845(G>T) polymorphism is a factor predisposing to acne vulgaris.
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of multifactorial origin. The aim of this study was to clarify whether known polymorphisms of the interleukin-1A (IL1A) and IL1RN genes play a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. A positive association was found between the minor T allele of the IL1A +4845(G>T) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and acne, whereas no association w...
The clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women.
Abstract Background Little is known about the clinical characteristics of acne based on the age of onset. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients according to the age of onset of acne and evaluate whether the findings were related to regional differences in the density of Propionibacterium acnes or the levels of sebum secretion. Methods A total...
Management of Acne Scarring, Part I: A Comparative Review of Laser Surgical Approaches.
Acne scarring is the result of a deviation in the orderly pattern of healing and can have profound psychosocial implications for patients. While the most effective means of addressing acne scarring is to prevent its formation through good acne control, there are a number of therapeutic interventions that improve the appearance of acne scars. Many of these procedural modalities have flaws and are l...
Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism in acne vulgaris.
Background Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease of the skin. Several studies have shown that elevated levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) correlate with overproduction of sebum and acne. Recently functional relationship between IGF-I (CA) polymorphism and circulating IGF-I levels in adults has been reported. Aims The aim of our study was to investigate for the first tim...
Comparison of the efficacy of 5% topical spironolactone gel and placebo in the treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial.
Abstract Background: Topical spironolactone may be effective for the treatment of acne patients with increased sebum secretion. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 5% spironolactone gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods: This study was a double-blind clinical trial, performed randomly in two demographically equivalent groups. In this study, 78 patients with mild to mod...
Therapeutic agents and herbs in topical application for acne treatment.
Acne vulgaris suppresses an individual's self-confidence by causing distress with regard to physical appearance, which affects a significant number of individuals during puberty and is delineated by adolescence. Several treatments have been introduced to decrease the aesthetic and psychological problems caused by acne. The topical application of therapeutic agents has been found to be more feasibl...
Association Study of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 M196R and Toll-Like Receptor 2 Arg753Gln Polymorphisms with Acne Vulgaris in a Chinese Han Ethnic Group.
Background: Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are the main responsible mediators of inflammatory acne. Factors affecting their production may possibly influence the degree of inflammatory response and hence may account for the clinical severity of acne. However, the roles of TNFR2 and TLR2 in the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris...
Do generalists and specialists agree on descriptive acne morphology?
Background Acne is a common skin disease, which is treated by many different specialities. Clinical guidelines for treatment are based on the recognition of acne morphology. The assessment of acne morphology is therefore an important element of the proper diagnosis and treatment of acne. Objective To evaluate the level of congruence in the assessment of acne morphology in General Practitione...
Suicidal Ideation, Mental Health Problems, and Social Impairment Are Increased in Adolescents with Acne: A Population-Based Study.
We performed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study to explore the relationship of suicidal ideation, mental health problems, and social functioning to acne severity among adolescents aged 18-19 years. A total of 4,744 youth were invited and 3,775 (80%) participated. In all, 14% reported having substantial acne (a lot and very much). Among those with very much acne, as compared those with no...
Isotretinoin and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Acne Patients Varies by Physician Specialty: Analysis of Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
Abstract Objective: To determine whether OCPs are underutilized in the treatment of acne in women of reproductive age, how use of OCPs compared to use of isotretinoin, and whether adequate use and documentation of OCPs is occurring with isotretinoin. Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) was analysed over the years 1993-2008 for isotretinoin and oral contraceptive use in fem...
The impact of birth weight and maternal history on acne, hirsutism, and menstrual disorder symptoms in Turkish adolescent girls.
The aim of the study was to determine the association between birthweight, maternal medical history and acne, hirsutism, and menstrual disorder symptoms in Turkish adolescent population. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all volunteer female students at 15 secondary schools. The subjects' body mass index, birthweight, age at menarche, pattern of menstrual cycle, and presence of...
The influence of dietary patterns on acne vulgaris in Koreans.
The association between acne and food has been evaluated with inconsistent results. We enrolled 783 patients with acne and 502 control subjects. For the patients with acne, blood tests for insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), post prandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were performed. The a...
0.5% Liposome-encapsulated 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for acne treatment.
Abstract Background: Photodynamic therapy using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been successful in treating acne vulgaris, but sun avoidance for at least 48 hours after treatment is necessary due to the risk of post-treatment photosensitivity. Recently, a lower concentration of liposome-encapsulated 5-ALA was introduced to minimize this risk. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety...
Medication choice and associated health care outcomes and costs for patients with acne and acne-related conditions in the United States.
Background: Acne is a common condition for which multiple treatment options are available. The patterns of pharmacotherapy for acne and similar conditions, and the effect of those patterns on cost, are not well characterized. Objective: This study examined the impacts of patient demographics and medication choices on patients' health status and associated medication costs. Methods: A retrospective...
Acne analysis, grading and computational assessment methods: an overview.
Introduction: This paper presents a comprehensive review of acne grading and measurement. Acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous units, with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes activity. Most patients are affected with acne vulgaris, which is the prevalent type of acne. Acne vulgaris consists of comedones (whitehead an...
Does inflammatory acne result from Imbalance in the keratinocyte innate immune response?
Acne is a multifactorial chronic disease affecting around 80% of teenage population. The pathogenesis of acne involve inflammatory reactions and colonization by the Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) strain. P. acnes stimulates the keratinocytes involved in the innate immune response, the intensity of which could be influenced either by bacterial intrinsic factors or by endogenous factors of the h...
Association of thyroid autoimmunity with acne in adult women.
Background During the last decades an increase has been observed regarding acne in adults and especially women. Objective To evaluate the association between thyroid disorder and the presence of post-adolescent acne in adult women, comparing with healthy controls. Methods 107 adult women with post-adolescent acne and 60 healthy controls were included. Complete blood count and standard bio...
Safe and Successful Treatment of Acne Vulgaris with Isotretinoin in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris in the setting of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a controversial therapeutic option. In this inherited immunodeficiency, inefficient tissue responses to bacteria and fungi lead to chronic and recurrent infections. Isotretinoin is known to be associated with several mucocutaneous side effects that could worsen the immune response in individuals with CGD. W...
What's new in acne? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2009-2010.
Summary This review highlights clinically important findings about acne treatment identified in nine systematic reviews published or indexed in the period March 2009 to February 2010. A systematic review of dietary influences on acne suggested that a possible role of dietary factors in acne cannot be dismissed, as the studies to date have not been sufficiently large or robust. Another review looke...
Topical dose justification: benzoyl peroxide concentrations.
Abstract Background: Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is widely utilized in acne treatment as an alternative to antibiotics against which Propionibacterium acnes becomes more resistant. Objective: This overview examines BPO dose justification. Methods: PubMed, Embase® and Science Citation Index searches were conducted using the keywords "benzoyl peroxide" and "acne vulgaris". Results: Limited experiment...
Formulation and comparative evaluation of poly herbal anti-acne face wash gels.
Context: Rauvolfia serpentina (L). Benth. ex Kurz. (Apocynaceae) possessing antibacterial properties are widely used in modern herbal medicines. Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), a readily available antiseptic, possess antioxidant, antibacterial, blood purifying and antiinflammatory properties and used in various skin creams. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) possess astringent, antiviral, d...
Comparison of therapeutic effects of oral doxycycline and azithromycin in patients with moderate acne vulgaris: What is the role of age?
Abstract Background: Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder in adolescence and young adults. In past decades, systemic antibiotics have had the main role in the treatment of acne patients with inflammatory papules and cysts. They are sometimes associated with side effects, contributing to reduced compliance. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of oral...
Expert opinion and review article: The timing of comedone extraction in the treatment of premenstrual acne - a proposed therapeutic approach.
Synopsis The face is the most exposed part of our body, and deterioration of facial appearance, through disease or ageing, causes psychological distress. Acne lesions and subsequent pigmentation changes contribute to the unevenness of skin colour that is detrimental to facial attractiveness and leads to rejection and stigmatization in our society. The purpose of this review is to look at the root...
Deep peeling using phenol versus percutaneous collagen induction combined with trichloroacetic acid 20% in atrophic post acne scars; a randomized controlled trial.
Abstract Background: Deep peeling using phenol and percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) are used in treating acne scars. Aim: To compare deep peeling using phenol and PCI combined with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 20% in treating atrophic acne scars. Methods: 24 patients with post acne atrophic scars were randomly divided into 2 groups; group 1 was subjected to one session of deep peeling using phe...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 protect against acne conglobata.
Background Former studies have shown that Propionibacterium acnes may stimulate expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in keratinocytes of patients with acne vulgaris. Objective To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polumorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR4 gene in acne vulgaris. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 191 patients with acne vulgaris and 75 healthy controls. Asp299Gly an...
Hydroquinone Therapy for Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Secondary to Acne: Not Just Prescribable by Dermatologists.
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after acne can be as troublesome as the acne itself. Hydroquinone, a tyrosinase inhibitor, in a 4% cream can be used safely twice daily for up to 6 months to treat post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The efficacy of this treatment can be enhanced by using a retinoid nightly and a mid-potent steroid, which is applied twice daily for 2 weeks, then at weekends onl...
Clinical evidence for the role of a topical anti-inflammatory agent in comedonal acne: findings from a randomized study of dapsone gel 5% in combination with tazarotene cream 0.1% in patients with acne vulgaris.
Background: Acne pathogenesis is multifactorial and includes inflammation. Combining drugs targeting multiple components of acne pathogenesis is standard practice. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of dapsone gel 5%, an anti-inflammatory agent, in combination with tazarotene cream 0.1% for treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive combination therapy (daps...
A double-blind randomized controlled comparison of APDDR-0901, a novel cosmeceutical formulation, and 0.1% adapalene gel in the treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Topical retinoids have been widely used in the treatment of acne. They comprise several products used as prescription drugs as well as cosmeceuticals. Of these products, retinol has better tolerability compared with prescription retinoids such as tretinoin, but it is only used in cosmeceuticals due to its low biologic activity. A combination formulation could be an effective alternative to address...
The potential use of Echinacea in acne: control of Propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation.
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of skin follicles caused by the gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. The possibility was investigated that a standardized preparation of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®), with known antiviral, antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties, might provide a useful alternative treatment in the control of the disease. The herbal extract readily kil...
A novel fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency technology for the treatment of facial scars and rhytids: A pilot study.
Abstract Introduction: Fractional ablative and non-ablative lasers have gained popularity in the treatment of acne scars and rhytids due to their efficacy and improved tolerability. Plasma and radio frequency (RF) have also emerged as methods for ablative or non-ablative energy delivery. We report preliminary experience with a novel fractional micro-plasma RF device for the treatment of facial acn...
Combination of Low-Dose Isotretinoin and Pulsed Oral Azithromycin in the Management of Moderate to Severe Acne: A Preliminary Open-Label, Prospective, Non-Comparative, Single-Centre Study.
Background: The conventionally used dose of isotretinoin in acne causes significant dose-related adverse effects. Low-dose isotretinoin has been used successfully in mild to moderate papulopustular acne. Although isotretinoin acts against all mechanisms of acne formation, it has no significant direct antimicrobial effect. Objective: To test whether the addition of an antibacterial enables use of i...
Efficacy of ah shi point acupuncture on acne vulgaris.
BACKGROUND: Ah shi point acupuncture involves inserting needles at painful or pathological sites. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ah shi point and general acupuncture point treatment of acne vulgaris. METHODS: 36 subjects were recruited and randomised in a double-blind (patient-blind and observer-blind) controlled trial to receive acupuncture either at general acupuncture points only, or at...
Multimodal Management of Atrophic Acne Scarring in the Aging Face.
Atrophic facial acne scarring is a widely prevalent condition that can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. The appearance of these scars is often worsened by the normal effects of aging. A number of options are available for the treatment of acne scarring, including chemical peeling, dermabrasion, ablative or nonablative laser resurfacing, dermal fillers, and surgical techniques...
Sex and the skin: A qualitative study of patients with acne, psoriasis and atopic eczema.
Quantitative questionnaire-based research has suggested a considerable effect of skin disease on the sexual life of sufferers. In this study, we explored the effects of acne, psoriasis and atopic eczema upon sexual functioning and sexual relationships in the context of a wider exploration of the psychological sequelae of these diseases. We employed a qualitative methodology employing in-depth semi...
Cortexolone 17α-propionate 1% cream, a new potent anti-androgen for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. A pilot randomized, double-blind comparative study versus placebo and tretinoin (Retin-A(®) 0.05% cream).
Background: Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the pilo-sebaceous unit in which the androgens contribute to its onset and persistence. The use of anti-androgens is therefore potentially effective, however anti-androgens for topical use are not available in the market. Cortexolone 17α-propionate (CB-03-01) is a new potent topical anti-androgen potentially useful in acne vulgaris. Objectives: To...
Isotretinoin Does Not Prolong QT Intervals and QT Dispersion in Patients With Severe Acne: A Surprising Finding for a Drug With Numerous Side Effects.
Background: Isotretinoin is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of severe acne. Several adverse cardiac effects due to isotretinoin have been previously reported. However, no data exist on the effects of isotretinoin therapy on QT intervals. Objective: To investigate the effects of isotretinoin therapy on QT intervals and QT dispersion, and also to see if it is related to serum lipids, homo...
Potential Association Between the Oral Tetracycline Class of Antimicrobials Used to Treat Acne and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have shown an association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The majority of patients prescribed isotretinoin for their acne are previously on an extended course of antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to consider antibiotic use as a confounding variable for the development of IBD.METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study using The Hea...
Characterization of a new acne vulgaris treatment device combining light and thermal treatment methods.
Background/purpose: Conventional treatment methods for acne vulgaris have various side effects such as the development of bacterial resistance, phototoxicity, vertigo, gastro-intestinal problems, and drug eruptions. To minimize such side effects, light and thermal methods have been alternately suggested. This study characterized a new acne vulgaris treatment device (AVTD) that combines both light...
Short-term outcomes of cetuximab combined with standard chemotherapy as first line setting for Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a report of 12 cases.
Cetuximab combined with chemotherapy has been used to treat Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years, however, the data from China was rare. This study was to summarize our experiences in treating NSCLC patients with cetuximab in the first line setting. From October 1st 2006 to Jun 30th 2010, twelve NSCLC patients were treated with cetuximab combined standard chemotherapy as first line s...
Glycolic acid peels versus amino fruit acid peels for acne.
Abstract Introduction: Chemical exfoliation resulting in the reduction of keratotic plugs serves as a second-line treatment used as an adjunct to anti-acne agents. This study was designed to compare the therapeutic effects of glycolic acid (GA) peels and amino fruit acid (AFA) peels in patients with acne vulgaris. Methods: In this single-blind, randomized, right-left comparison study, 24 patients...
Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: bilocated epithelial hyperplasia with very different sequelae.
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa is a chronic-inflammatory and scarring disease in the terminal hair follicle and apocrine gland bearing areas (skin folds). There is considerable histological evidence that perifolliculitis and follicular hyperkeratosis precede the rupture of the follicle. Not yet clarified is the temporal position of the epithelial hyperplasia at the infundibul...
Efficacy of the addition of salicylic acid to clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide combination for acne vulgaris.
Clindamycin phosphate (CDP), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and salicylic acid (SA) are known to be effective acne therapy agents depending on their anti-inflammatory and comedolytic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of SA treatment to CDP and BPO (SA and CDP + BPO) and compare it with CDP + BPO in patients with mild to moderate...
The effects of systemic isotretinoin and antibiotic therapy on the microbial floras in patients with acne vulgaris.
Background Although there are several studies about the alteration in skin flora, limited number of reports about changes in the microbial contents and their resistance profile of other body sites in patients treated with isotretinoin for acne vulgaris. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic isotretinoin and antibiotic therapy on the microbial floras of o...
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