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Streptococcal streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine - Biotech, Pharma and Life Science Channel

01:06 EDT 19th May 2013 | BioPortfolio

Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of serious illness in children and adults throughout the world. The disease is caused by a common bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, a gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, bile soluble aerotolerant anaerobe, which can attack different parts of the body. When bacteria invade the lungs, they cause the most common form of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia; when bacteria invade the bloodstream, they cause bacteremia; and when they invade the covering of the brain, they cause meningitis. Pneumococci may also cause otitis media (middle ear infection) and sinusitis.

There are two types of pneumococcal vaccine currently available to protect against pneumococcal disease: a polysaccharide vaccine and a conjugate vaccine. The polysaccharide vaccine is used in adults and the conjugate vaccine is used in children. The polysaccharide has been available in the United States for more than 20 years. Since the year 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is available with tremendous commercial success (2008 sales of (US$ 2.7 bln). This has stimulated strong interest in the vaccine industry and lead to several successor vaccines and candidates.

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Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions

Mass Vaccination

Administration of a vaccine to large populations in order to elicit IMMUNITY.

Streptococcus Mitis

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commensal in the respiratory tract.

Viridans Streptococci

A large heterogeneous group of mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci. They colonize the respiratory tract at birth and generally have a low degree of pathogenicity. This group of species includes STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS; STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS; and the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. The latter are often beta-hemolytic and commonly produce invasive pyogenic infections including brain and abdominal abscesses.

Streptococcus Milleri Group

A subset of VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI, but the species in this group differ in their hemolytic pattern and diseases caused. These species are often beta-hemolytic and produce pyogenic infections.

Streptococcus Constellatus

A species of gram-positive bacteria in the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. It is commonly found in the oropharnyx flora and has a proclivity for abscess formation in the upper body and respiratory tract.

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