Anaplasmosis

:This article is about the ruminant disease. For anaplasmosis in dogs, see Ehrlichiosis . For anaplasmosis in humans, see Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by a rickettsial parasite of ruminants, Anaplasma spp. The organism occurs in the erythrocytes and is transmitted by natural means through by a number of haematophagous species of ticks and flies. It can also be transmitted iatrogenically by the use of surgical, dehorning, castration, and tattoo instruments and hypodermic needles that are not disinfected between uses. The organism can go through a complete lifecycle in the gut of certain species of ticks but the flies appear to be only a mechanical vector, thus, not as important in the maintaining the disease in any given area. The disease causes severe anemia and wasting in adult cattle which are infected. Young cattle and most other ruminants will not show clinical signs if infected but may serve as carriers. Since the organism "hides" from the body's immune system in red blood cells, it is difficult if not impossible for an infection to be totally cleared. As the immune response wanes, the organism again builds up and the host relapses.In the United States, anaplasmosis is notably present in the south and west where the tick hosts Dermacentor spp. are found. Although vaccines have been developed, none are currently available in the United States. Early in the 20th century, this disease was considered one of major economic consequence in the western United States. In the 1980s and 1990s, control of ticks through new acaricides and practical treatment with prolonged-action antibiotics, notably tetracycline, has led to the point where the disease is no longer considered a major problem. (From the Wikpedia article Anaplasmosis.)

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Recent Publications on Anaplasmosis:
Multicenter GeoSentinel analysis of rickettsial diseases in international travelers, 1996-2008. We investigated epidemiologic and clinical aspects of rickettsial diseases...	7th November, 2009	Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval,	Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1791-8.
Granulocytic anaplasmosis in three dogs from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Three dogs from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan were diagnosed with acute...	3rd November, 2009	Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of	Can Vet J. 2009 Aug;50(8):835-40.
Lack of evidence for perinatal transmission of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis from a bitch to her offspring. Granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting dogs...	31st October, 2009	Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine,	J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2009 Sep-Oct;45(5):232-8.
Effect of prescribed fire for tick control in California chaparral. Prescribed fire was investigated as a method for controlling ixodid and...	29th October, 2009	Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, 850	J Med Entomol. 2009 Sep;46(5):1138-45.
Impairment of Interferon-{gamma} Signaling in Human Neutrophils Infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne human...	28th October, 2009	Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Luebeck,	Infect Immun. 2009 Oct 26. DOI Direct Link
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Anaplasmosis Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
5776936	Marcfortine/paraherquamide derivatives useful as antiparasitic agents
6102919	Apparatus and method for removing parasites
6165481	Highly pure squalane, raw material for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics prepared by using the same and method for producing the same
6200600	Controlled delay release device
6242571	Serological identification of cattle, sheep or goats infected with anaplasma species
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