Cholestasis

In medicine, cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. Bile formation is a secretory function of the liver. It begins in bile canaliculi that form between two adjacent surfaces of liver cells similar to the terminal branches of a tree. The canaliculi join each other to form larger and larger structures, sometimes referred to as Canals of Hering, which themselves join to form small bile ductules that have an epithelial surface. The ductules join to form bile ducts that eventually form either the right main hepatic duct that drains the right lobe of the liver and the left main hepatic duct draining the left lobe of the liver. The two ducts join to form the common hepatic duct, which in turn joins the cystic duct from the gall bladder, to give the common bile duct. This duct then enters the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. The two basic distinctions are an obstructive type of cholestasis where there is a mechanical blockage in the duct system such as can occur from a gallstone or malignancy and metabolic types of cholestasis which are disturbances in bile formation that can occur because of genetic defects or acquired as a side effect of many medications. (From the Wikpedia article Cholestasis.)

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Recent Publications on Cholestasis:
Gene Transfer of IGF1 Attenuates Hepatocellular Apoptosis After Bile Duct Ligation. BACKGROUND: Cholestasis occurs in a wide variety of human liver diseases,...	21st November, 2009	Department of Family Medicine.	J Surg Res. 2009 Sep 5. DOI Direct Link
Xenobiotic-Sensing Nuclear Receptors CAR and PXR as Drug Targets in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Cholestasis results in the intrahepatic retention of cytotoxic bile acid...	21st November, 2009	Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate	Curr Drug Targets. 2009 Nov 1;10(11):1184-1193.
Folding defects in P-type ATP 8B1 associated with hereditary cholestasis are ameliorated by 4-phenylbutyrate. Deficiency in P-type ATP8B1 is a severe and clinically highly variable...	18th November, 2009	Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, University Medical Center	Hepatology. 2009 Sep 4. DOI Direct Link
Variable Clinical Spectrum of the Most Common Inborn Error of Bile Acid Metabolism-3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-C27-steroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency. OBJECTIVE:: We studied the clinical features of children with...	17th November, 2009	*Paediatric Liver Service, UK daggerMetabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond	J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Nov 12. DOI Direct Link
An In Vitro Assay to Assess Transporter-Based Cholestatic Hepatotoxicity Using Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. Drug-induced cholestasis can result from the inhibition of biliary efflux...	17th November, 2009	1 Qualyst,Inc;	Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Nov 12. DOI Direct Link
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Cholestasis Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7427605	Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 and uses thereof
7485308	26199, 33530, 33949, 47148, 50226, 58764, 62113, 32144, 32235, 23565, 13305, 14911, 86216, 25206, and 8843 molecules and uses therefor
7485634	Azepinoindole and pyridoindole derivatives as pharmaceutical agents
7485652	Indolyl derivatives as liver-X-receptor (LXR) modulators
7494972	Method for inhibiting accelerated atherosclerosis in a subject suffering from hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia
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