Electrooculography

Electrooculography is a technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. The main applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements. Unlike the electroretinogram, the EOG does not represent the response to individual visual stimuli.Eye movement measurements: Usually, pairs of electrodes are placed either above and below the eye or to the left and right of the eye. If the eye is moved from the center position towards one electrode, this electrode "sees" the positive side of the retina and the opposite electrode "sees" the negative side of the retina. Consequently, a potential difference occurs between the electrodes. Assuming that the resting potential is constant, the recorded potential is a measure for the eye position.Ophthalmological diagnosis: The EOG is used to assess the function of the pigment epithelium. During dark adaptation, the resting potential decreases slightly and reaches a minimum after several minutes. When the light is switched on, a substantial increase of the resting potential occurs , which drops off after a few minutes when the retina adapts to the light. The ratio of the voltages is known as the Arden ratio. In practice, the measurement is similar to the eye movement recordings . The patient is asked to switch the eye position repeatedly between two points . Since these positions are constant, a change in the recorded potential originates from a change in the resting potential. (From the Wikpedia article Electrooculography.)

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Recent Publications on Electrooculography:
Electrophysiological evidence of feature-based inhibition of focused attention across consecutive trials. Monitoring the visual environment for targets has evolutionary and...	15th November, 2008	Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at	Psychophysiology. 2008 Sep;45(5):804-11. Epub 2008 Jul 24. DOI Direct Link
Intramodal and crossmodal processing delays in the attentional blink paradigm revealed by event-related potentials. In the attentional blink (AB), processing of a second target (T2) is...	15th November, 2008	Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Departement de	Psychophysiology. 2008 Sep;45(5):794-803. Epub 2008 Jul 4. DOI Direct Link
Compromised sensitivity to monetary reward in current cocaine users: an ERP study. We studied modulation of the P300 by monetary reward expected to be...	15th November, 2008	Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.	Psychophysiology. 2008 Sep;45(5):705-13. Epub 2008 May 30. DOI Direct Link
[Central serous corioretinopathy in adult onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy] CASE REPORT: The clinical case of a 30 year-old male patient with a...	14th November, 2008	Hospital Casa de Salud, Servicio de Oftalmologia, Valencia, Espana.	Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2008 Aug;83(8):505-8.
Retinal function in X-linked ocular albinism (OA1). PURPOSE: To characterize retinal function in human recessive X-linked...	5th November, 2008	UCLA School of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095,	Curr Eye Res. 2008 Sep;33(9):789-803. DOI Direct Link
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Electrooculography Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
6990377	Systems and methods for facilitating and/or effectuating development, rehabilitation, restoration, and/or recovery of visual function through neural stimulation
4836670	Eye movement detector
4852988	Visor and camera providing a parallax-free field-of-view image for a head-mounted eye movement measurement system
4950069	Eye movement detector with improved calibration and speed
4973149	Eye movement detector
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