Goniothalamus

Goniothalamus is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae. It contains the following species :* Goniothalamus calycinus, James Sincl.* Goniothalamus cheliensis, Hu* Goniothalamus chinensis, Merr. & Chun* Goniothalamus curtisii, King* Goniothalamus gardneri, Hook.f. & Thomson* Goniothalamus holttumii, J. Sincl.* Goniothalamus hookeri, Thwaites* Goniothalamus macrocalyx, Ban* Goniothalamus majestatis, Keßler* Goniothalamus montanus, James Sincl.* Goniothalamus rhynchantherus, Dunn* Goniothalamus salicina, Hook.f. & Thomson* Goniothalamus simonsii, Hook.f. & Thomson* Goniothalamus tenuifolius, King* Goniothalamus wynaadensis, BeddomeCategory:Annonaceae Halogenation 648748 167116397 2007-10-26T01:04:37Z SieBot 4005189 robot Adding: nl:Halogeneren Halogenation is a chemical reaction that incorporates a halogen atom into a molecule. More specific descriptions exist that specify the type of halogen: fluorination, chlorination, bromination, and iodination.In a Markovnikov addition reaction, a halogen like bromine is reacted with an alkene which causes the π-bond to break forming an haloalkane. This makes the hydrocarbon more reactive and bromine as it turns out, is a good leaving group in further chemical reactions such as nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions and elimination reactionsSeveral main types of halogenation exist, including:* Free radical halogenation* Ketone halogenation* Electrophilic halogenation* Halogen addition reactionSpecific halogenation methods are the Hunsdiecker reaction and the Sandmeyer reaction .An example of halogenation can be found in the organic synthesis of the anesthetic halothane from trichloroethylene which involves a high temperature bromination in the second step : (From the Wikpedia article Goniothalamus.)

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Recent Publications on Goniothalamus:
Bioactive styryllactones and alkaloid from flowers of Goniothalamus laoticus. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Goniothalamus laoticus (Annonaceae) is...	3rd November, 2009	Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of	J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Aug 17;125(1):47-50. Epub 2009 Jun 30. DOI Direct Link
Antiplasmodial properties of some Malaysian medicinal plants. Seven Malaysian medicinal plants were screened for their antiplasmodial...	12th September, 2009	Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan	Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):29-35.
Asymmetric total synthesis and antiproliferative activity of goniothalamin oxide isomers. Goniothalamin oxide (1) is a styryl lactone which was isolated from bark...	30th May, 2009	Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade	Bioorg Chem. 2009 Apr;37(2):52-6. Epub 2009 Jan 29. DOI Direct Link
Cytotoxicity of goniothalamin enantiomers in renal cancer cells: involvement of nitric oxide, apoptosis and autophagy. Goniothalamin is a styryllactone synthesized by plants of the genus...	22nd January, 2009	Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual	Chem Biol Interact. 2008 Nov 25;176(2-3):143-50. Epub 2008 Aug 14. DOI Direct Link
Vibrational spectroscopic studies and ab initio calculations of Goniothalamin, a natural product. 5,6-Dihydro-6-styryl-2-pyrone (Goniothalamin), is isolated from the leaves...	10th January, 2009	Department of Chemistry, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala,	Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2008 Nov 15;71(2):731-8. Epub DOI Direct Link
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Goniothalamus Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7524888	Biorational repellents obtained from terpenoids for use against arthropods
5536848	Bioactive acetogenins and derivatives
5587491	Method for the synthesis of bis-tetrahydrofuranyl Annonaceous acetogenins
5677467	Synthesis of acetogenins
5717113	Bioactive acetogenins and derivatives
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