Habenula

In neuroanatomy, habenula originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland , but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus. Currently, the Terminologia Anatomica term refers exclusively to this separate cell mass in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus, the epithalamus, embedded in the posterior end of the medullary stria from which it receives most of its afferent fibers. By way of the retroflex fasciculus it projects to the interpeduncular nucleus and other paramedian cell groups of the midbrain tegmentum. Despite its proximity to the pineal stalk, no connecting tissue is known to exist.The habenula is involved in receiving input from the brain via the stria medullaris thalami and output to many midbrain areas involved in releasing personality-related neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin The habenula is the only nucleus of the epithalamus. (From the Wikpedia article Habenula.)

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Recent Publications on Habenula:
Identification of the zebrafish ventral habenula as a homolog of the mammalian lateral habenula. The mammalian habenula consists of the medial and lateral habenulae....	29th January, 2010	Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science	J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 27;30(4):1566-74. DOI Direct Link
Localization of relaxin-3 in brain of Macaca fascicularis: identification of a nucleus incertus in primate. Relaxin-3 (RLN3) is a highly conserved, ancestral member of the...	26th January, 2010	Florey Neuroscience Institutes, The University of Melbourne, Victoria	J Comp Neurol. 2009 Dec 20;517(6):856-72. DOI Direct Link
Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes Protopterus dolloi and Neoceratodus forsteri. Lungfishes are currently considered the closest living relatives of...	22nd January, 2010	Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense,	Brain Behav Evol. 2009;74(4):302-322. Epub 2010 Jan 13. DOI Direct Link
Lateral habenula projections to dopamine and GABA neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons and their forebrain...	19th January, 2010	Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA	Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Oct;30(7):1239-50. Epub 2009 Sep 29. DOI Direct Link
Phospholipase C-eta2 is highly expressed in the habenula and retina. Phospholipase C (PLC), a key enzyme involved in phosphoinositide turnover,...	12th January, 2010	Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life	Gene Expr Patterns. 2010 Jan 11. DOI Direct Link
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BioNews Results for Habenula:
Deep brain stimulation treatment	Scientist Live:  Jan 12 2010 4:50AM Matching: habenula
Deep Brain Stimulation Succeeds in Treating Severe Depression	MedIndia:  Jan 11 2010 11:47PM Matching: habenula
Deep brain stimulation successful for treatment of severely depressive patient	Science Centric:  Jan 11 2010 6:18PM Matching: habenula
Severely Depressive Patient Successfully Treated Using Deep Brain Stimulation	Medical News Today:  Jan 11 2010 11:50AM Matching: habenula
Medical News: Severely Depressive Patient Successfully Treated Using Deep Brain Stimulation	BioFind:  Jan 11 2010 1:04PM Matching: habenula
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Habenula Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
6709866	Methods for enhancing survival of a neuron
6987005	DNA encoding SNORF33 receptor
6992077	Spirocyclic ligands for sigma receptors, and libraries and methods of use thereof
6994856	ErbB4 receptor-specific neuregulin related ligands and uses therefor
6998472	Obesity gene
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