Hypocapnia

Hypocapnia or Hypocapnea, sometimes incorrectly called acapnia, is a state of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia usually results from deep or rapid breathing, known as hyperventilation. Hypocapnia is the opposite of hypercapnia.Even when severe, hypocapnia is normally well tolerated. However, hypocapnia causes cerebral vasoconstriction, leading to cerebral hypoxia and this can cause transient dizziness, visual disturbances, and anxiety. A low partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood also causes alkalosis , leading to lowered plasma calcium ions and nerve and muscle excitability. This explains the other common symptoms of hyperventilation —pins and needles, muscle cramps and tetany in the extremities, especially hands and feet.Hypocapnia is sometimes induced in the treatment of the medical emergencies, such as intracranial hypertension and hyperkalaemia.Because the brain stem monitors the level of blood CO₂ in blood to regulate breathing, hypocapnia can suppress breathing to the point of blackout from cerebral hypoxia. Self-induced hypocapnia through hyperventilation is the basis for the deadly schoolyard choking game. Deliberate hyperventilation has been unwisely used by underwater breath-hold divers to extend dive time but at the risk of shallow water blackout, which is a significant cause of drowning. (From the Wikpedia article Hypocapnia.)

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Recent Publications on Hypocapnia:
Comparison of principal and independent component analysis in removing extracerebral interference from near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for noninvasive estimation...	10th November, 2009	Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering	J Biomed Opt. 2009 Sep-Oct;14(5):054032. DOI Direct Link
Effect of Hyper- and Hypocapnia on Cerebral Arterial Compliance in Normal Subjects. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)...	6th November, 2009	From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital,	J Neuroimaging. 2009 Nov 3. DOI Direct Link
Effect of ventilation pressure on alveolar fluid clearance and beta-agonist responses in mice. High tidal volume ventilation is detrimental to alveolar fluid clearance...	6th November, 2009	Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State Univ., 1925 Coffey Road,	Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):L785-93. Epub 2009 Aug DOI Direct Link
Incidence of iatrogenic dyscarbia during mild therapeutic hypothermia after successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. To investigate the incidence of iatrogenic dyscarbia in survivors of...	6th November, 2009	Critical Care Medicine Research Group, Department of Intensive Care	Resuscitation. 2009 Sep;80(9):990-3. Epub 2009 Jul 7. DOI Direct Link
Effects of exercise on intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow: a review. Glaucoma is a disease characterized by progressive optic neuropathy...	8th October, 2009	Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine,	J Glaucoma. 2009 Aug;18(6):429-36. DOI Direct Link
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BioNews Results for Hypocapnia:
Pulmonary thromboembolism (Proceedings)	Thomson Veterinary Healthcare Communications:  Oct 25 2009 1:25PM Matching: hypocapnia

Hypocapnia Clinical Trials:
Acceleration of Recovery From General Anesthesia - Efficacy of Isocapnic Hyperpnoea in Obese Patients Undergoing Isoflurane Anesthesia

Hypocapnia Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
5778872	Artificial ventilation system and methods of controlling carbon dioxide rebreathing
6192884	Method and apparatus for supplemental oxygen delivery
6296654	Non-invasive aortic impingement
6313155	Composition and method for treating macular disorders
6354292	Elimination of vapour anaesthetics from patients after surgical procedures
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