Laccase

Laccases are copper-containing oxidase enzymes that are found in many plants, fungi and microorganisms. The copper can be bound in several sites; Type 1, Type 2, and/or Type 3. When types 2 and 3 are bound together, the enzyme is called a trinuclear cluster. Laccases are enzymatically active on phenols and similar molecules, and perform a one-electron oxidation. Laccases can be polymeric, and the enzymatically active form can be a dimer or trimer. The easiest way to detect activity in Laccases is with a spectrophotometer. Substrates that are commonly used with this method are ABTS, syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Also, activity can be monitored with an oxygen sensor as the oxidation of the substrate is paired with the reduction of oxygen to water. Laccases can also be used as the cathode in an enzyme catalyzed fuel cell. They can be paired with an electron mediator to facilitate electron transfer to a solid electrode wire. Laccase is one of the few oxidoreductases commercialized as industrial catalysts. The enzyme can be used for textile dyeing/finishing, wine cork making, and many other industrial, environmental, diagnostic, and synthetic uses Applications of oxidoreductases: Recent progress, Industrial Biotechnology 1, 38-50[http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ind.2005.1.38?cookieSet=1]). (From the Wikpedia article Laccase.)

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Recent Publications on Laccase:
A non-oxidative electrochemical approach to online measurements of dopamine release through laccase-catalyzed oxidation and intramolecular cyclization of dopamine. A new electrochemical approach to selective online measurements of...	21st November, 2009	Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Life	Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Oct 29. DOI Direct Link
Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Crude Extracts from Spent Mushroom Substrate and its Possible Mechanisms. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by pure laccase...	20th November, 2009	State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, CAS Key	Curr Microbiol. 2009 Nov 19. DOI Direct Link
Trametes sp. as a Source of Biopolymer Cross-Linking Agents: Laccase Induced Gelation of Ferulated Arabinoxylans. This study examined the feasibility of using Trametes sp. grown under...	20th November, 2009	Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua,	Molecules. 2009 Oct 16;14(10):4159-4165. DOI Direct Link
Purification and characteristics of an enzyme with both bilirubin oxidase and laccase activities from mycelium of the basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus. A homogenous enzyme with both bilirubin oxidase and laccase activities was...	18th November, 2009	Sakharov International Environmental University, Minsk, 220009, Belarus.	Biochemistry (Mosc). 2009 Sep;74(9):1027-34.
Docking Simulation and Competitive Experiments Validate the Interaction Between the 2,5-Xylidine Inhibitor and Rigidoporus lignosus Laccase. Laccases are polyphenol oxidases which oxidize a broad range of reducing...	18th November, 2009	Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Catania, Viale	J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2010 Feb;27(4):501-10.
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Laccase Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7504375	Antimicrobial polypeptides
7534762	Polypeptides having antimicrobial activity and polynucleotides encoding same
7537922	Proteases and variants thereof
7538084	Cyclosporins
7541026	Alpha-amylase variants with altered properties
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