Sanitation

bacteria under magnificationSanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater , industrial wastes, and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions , simple technologies , or even by personal hygiene practices .The term "sanitation" can be applied to a specific aspect, concept, location, or strategy, such as: Basic sanitation - refers to the management of human feces at the household level. This terminology is the indicator used to describe the target of the Millennium Development Goal on sanitation.On-site sanitation - the collection and treatment of waste is done where it is deposited. Examples are the use of pit latrines, septic tanks, and imhoff tanks.Food sanitation - refers to the hygienic measures for ensuring food safety.Environmental sanitation - the control of environmental factors that form links in disease transmission. Subsets of this category are solid waste management, water and wastewater treatment, industrial waste treatment and noise and pollution control.Ecological sanitation - a concept and an approach of recycling to nature the nutrients from human and animal wastes. (From the Wikpedia article Sanitation.)

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Recent Publications on Sanitation:
Immuno-epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infections in endemic populations co-infected with soil-transmitted helminths: Present knowledge, challenges, and the need for further studies. This article reviews studies on epidemiological and immunological...	28th June, 2008	Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Rene Rachou, Avenida Augusto de Lima	Acta Trop. 2008 May 24;. DOI Direct Link
Evaluation of human urine as a source of nutrients for selected vegetables and maize under tunnel house conditions in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The introduction of ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) toilets in South Africa...	27th June, 2008	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of	Waste Manag Res. 2008 Apr;26(2):132-9.
Usage of personal-protection measures against mosquitoes and the low prevalences of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in the Indian city of Chennai. The usage of personal-protection measures against mosquitoes and the...	26th June, 2008	Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research),	Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008 Jul;102(5):391-7. DOI Direct Link
FIRST REPORT OF HUMAN MYIASIS IN GOIAS STATE, BRAZIL: FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MYIASIS, THEIR VARIOUS ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS. This objective of this study was to show which species of flies are...	26th June, 2008		J Parasitol. 2008 Jun 5;:1. DOI Direct Link
Sanitary Provision and Helminthiasis among School Children in Benin City, Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of sanitary provision and hygiene...	26th June, 2008	Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, College of Medical	Niger Postgrad Med J. 2008 Jun;15(2):105-11.
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BioNews Results for Sanitation:
Ikaria's INOflo (Nitric Oxide) for Inhalation to be Officially Approved in Japan	KRON4:  Jun 19 2008 9:16AM Matching: sanitation
Ikaria's INOflo (Nitric Oxide) for Inhalation to be Officially Approved in Japan	KOTA Territory News:  Jun 18 2008 6:29PM Matching: sanitation
ImClone/Merck/Bristol-Myers: Erbitux set for breakthrough in Japan	Datamonitor:  Jun 13 2008 2:33PM Matching: sanitation
ImClone/Merck/Bristol-Myers: Erbitux set for breakthrough in Japan	Therapeutics Daily:  Jun 13 2008 12:02PM Matching: sanitation
ImClone/Merck/Bristol-Myers: Erbitux set for breakthrough in Japan	TradingMarkets:  Jun 13 2008 9:19AM Matching: sanitation
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Sanitation Clinical Trials:
A Randomized, Controlled, Unblinded, Clinical Trial of the Acceptability and Efficacy of Non-Pharmaceutical Methods in Preventing Spread of Influenza Within the Family	Influenza Intervention: Behavioral: sanitation and personal hygiene
Long Term Protection by and Persistence of Vi Antibodies Induced by Vi-rEPA Conjugate Vaccines in Vietnamese Children Injected at 2-5 Years or at 5-8 Years of Age	Typhoid Fever
Role of Zinc in Recurrent Acute Lower Respiratory Infections	Acute Respiratory Infections
Zinc Supplementation in Cholera Patients	Cholera Intervention: Drug: Zinc

Sanitation Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7356869	Flexible cleaning tool with replaceable non-woven pad
7368148	Fabrication process of color filters, inks, color filters, and image displays using the color filters
7369241	Continuous optical measuring apparatus and continuous optical measuring method
7371319	Production of water for injection using reverse osmosis
7371397	Methods for microbiological control in aqueous systems
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Companies working in the area of Sanitation from Bioportfolio's Biocorporate database :
Company Name
Arrow Scientific Pty Limited Arrow Scientific offer a wide range of tests to validate manufacturing processes, including bacteria, steam, autoclave, temperature dataloggers, and sanitation... www.arrowscientific.com/divisions/bio/        View full profile
Wyant Corporation Wyant Corporation, has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Wood Wyant Inc.(formerly 3290441 Canada Inc.), a Canadian corporation ("Wood Wyant") and IFC Disposables, Inc., a Tennessee corporation...         View full profile
Air Techniques International Since 1961 Air Techniques International (ATI) has been the leading designer and manufacturer of specialized test equipment for high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, ultra low penetration air... www.atitest.com/        View full profile
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BioPortfolio Ltd. offers e-mail and postal lists for Sanitation scientists - we have details of around 775 individuals working on Sanitation .

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