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Telophase

that can still be seen.Telophase , from the ancient Greek "τελος" and "φασις" , is a stage in either meiosis or mitosis in a eukaryotic cell reversing the effects of prophase and prometaphase events. During those events, the nucleus was dissolved and the chromatin in the cell was condensed into chromosomes. Telophase thus "cleans up" the secondary after-effects of mitosis.Corresponding sister chromosomes, which are the results of anaphase, attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope, using fragments of the parent cell's nuclear membrane, form around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclei, unfold back into chromatin. Cytokinesis, if slated to occur, usually occurs at the same time the nuclear envelope is reforming, although they are distinct processes. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow develops where the metaphase plate used to be, pinching off the separated nuclei. In plant cells, vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of the cell along a microtubule scaffold called the phragmoplast. This structure directs packets of cell wall materials which coalesce into a disk-shaped structure called a cell plate. The cell plate grows out centrifugally and eventually develops into a proper cell wall, separating the two nuclei. Each daughter cell has a complete copy of the genome of its parent cell, and mitosis is complete.fr:Télophasepl:Telofazapt:Telófasero:Telofază Temperature 30357 183515762 2008-01-10T23:54:09Z 70.108.144.39 gas is a measure related to the average kinetic energy of its atoms as they move. In this animation, the size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under 1950 atmospheres of pressure. These room-temperature atoms have a certain, average speed .Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. On the microscopic scale, temperature is defined as simply the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. On the bulk scale, common to non-scientists, temperature is defined as that unique physical property that is shared between two otherwise entirely unlike things that happen to be in thermal equilibrium with each other . For a solid, these microscopic motions are principally the vibrations of the constituent atoms about their sites in the solid. For an ideal monatomic gas, the microscopic motions are the translational motions of the constituent gas particles. For multiatomic gas vibrational and rotational motion should be included too.Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. In most of the world , the Celsius scale is used for most temperature measuring purposes. The entire scientific world measures temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the kelvin scale, which is just the Celsius scale shifted downwards so that 0 K= -273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the U.S., especially high-tech ones, also use the kelvin and Celsius scales. The bulk of the U.S. however, relies upon the Fahrenheit scale. Other engineering fields in the U.S. also rely upon the Rankine scale when working in thermodynamic-related disciplines such as combustion. (From the Wikpedia article Telophase.)

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Recent Publications on Telophase:

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Desynapsis and precocious cytokinesis in Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae) compromise meiotic division.
The forage grass species Brachiaria humidicola is native to African...
19th June, 2008
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringa, J Genet. 2008 Apr;87(1):27-31.
The herbicide flamprop-M-methyl has a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action.
BACKGROUND: The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop-M-methyl [methyl...
14th June, 2008
BASF Agricultural Centre Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany. Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Jun 13;.
DOI Direct Link
Arabidopsis SMG7 protein is required for exit from meiosis.
Meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions that are separated by a short...
12th June, 2008
Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of J Cell Sci. 2008 Jul 1;121(Pt 13):2208-16. Epub 2008 Jun 10.
DOI Direct Link
When the genome plays dice: circumvention of the spindle assembly checkpoint and near-random chromosome segregation in multipolar cancer cell mitoses.
BACKGROUND: Normal cell division is coordinated by a bipolar mitotic...
11th June, 2008
Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. PLoS ONE. 2008 Apr 2;3(4):e1871.
DOI Direct Link
Classification of chromosome segregation errors in cancer.
Abnormal chromosome segregation at mitosis is one way by which neoplastic...
6th June, 2008
Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, SE 221 85, Lund, Chromosoma. 2008 Jun 6;.
DOI Direct Link

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Telophase Patents:

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US Patent No.Title
6946259 Compositions and methods for treating cells having double minute DNA
7089054 Apparatus and method for treating a tumor or the like
7098218 Steroidal compounds for inhibiting steroid sulphatase
7098343 Compound
7105156 Method of using an adenoviral vector encoding a retinoblastoma protein to treat hyperproliferating cells

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Wikipedia excerpt, where present, licenced under the GNU Free Documentation License. Resources from the NCBI applied. Selected MeSH subject headings created and maintained by the US NLM are used in conjunction with additional keywords. 2006-2008 MeSH.
 

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