Urease

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows:₂CO + H₂O → CO₂ + 2NH₃In 1926 James Sumner showed that urease is a protein. Urease is found in bacteria, yeast and several higher plants.Characteristics:*Active site metal: nickel* Molecular weight: 480 kDa or 545 kDa for Jack Bean Urease .* Optimum pH: 7.4* Optimum Temperature: 60 degrees Celsius* Enzymatic specificity: urea and hydroxyurea* Inhibitors: heavy metalsThe multi-subunit enzyme usually has a 3:3 stoichiometry with a 2-fold symmetric structure . An exceptional urease is found in Helicobacter pylori, which combines four of the regular six subunit enzymes in an overall tetrahedral assembly of 24 subunits . This supra-molecular assembly is thought to confer additional stability for the enzyme in this organism, which functions to produce ammonia in order to neutralise gastric acid. The presence of urease is used in the diagnosis of Helicobacter species. (From the Wikpedia article Urease.)

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Recent Publications on Urease:
Biosurfactant Production by Halotolerant Rhodococcus fascians from Casey Station, Wilkes Land, Antarctica. Isolate A-3 from Antarctic soil in Casey Station, Wilkes Land, was...	6th February, 2010	The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of	Curr Microbiol. 2010 Feb 5. DOI Direct Link
Expression of UreB and HspA of Helicobacter pylori in silkworm pupae and identification of its immunogenicity. For mass production of urease B subunit (UreB) and heat shock protein A...	4th February, 2010	School of Pre-clinical Medicine and Biological Science, Medical College,	Mol Biol Rep. 2010 Feb 3. DOI Direct Link
Functional shifts in unvegetated, perhumid, recently-deglaciated soils do not correlate with shifts in soil bacterial community composition. Past work in recently deglaciated soils demonstrates that microbial...	4th February, 2010	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado,	J Microbiol. 2009 Dec;47(6):673-81. Epub 2010 Feb 4. DOI Direct Link
Nitrogen fixation capacity of Azotobacter spp. strains isolated from soils in different ecosystems and relationship between them and the microbiological properties of soils. The objectives of this study were to count and culture Azotobacter spp. in...	2nd February, 2010	Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis	J Environ Biol. 2009 Jan;30(1):73-82.
Development of an inhibitive enzyme assay for copper. In this work the development of an inhibitive assay for copper using the...	2nd February, 2010	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular	J Environ Biol. 2009 Jan;30(1):39-44.
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Press Releases About Urease:
Catachem Announces FDA Approval of the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) In-Vitro	1st January, 1970	Catachem	Catachem Announces FDA Approval of the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) In-Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Chemistry Reagent Kit Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA (June 7, 1989)…. Catachem, Inc. (Private)

Urease Clinical Trials:
Feasibility Study of Phototherapy System to Treat H Pylori

Urease Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7622278	Compositions and methods for diagnosing or treating psoriasis
7629159	Nocardioides FERM BP-10405 capable of degrading organochlorine pesticide PCNB
7629295	Determination of a specific immunoglobulin using multiple antigens
7629308	Methods relating to muscle selective calcineurin interacting protein (MCIP)
7629327	Chlamydia 60 Kda CRMP antigens and vaccine uses
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