Urease

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows:₂CO + H₂O → CO₂ + 2NH₃In 1926 James Sumner showed that urease is a protein. Urease is found in bacteria, yeast and several higher plants.Characteristics:*Active site metal: nickel* Molecular weight: 480 kDa or 545 kDa for Jack Bean Urease .* Optimum pH: 7.4* Optimum Temperature: 60 degrees Celsius* Enzymatic specificity: urea and hydroxyurea* Inhibitors: heavy metalsThe multi-subunit enzyme usually has a 3:3 stoichiometry with a 2-fold symmetric structure . An exceptional urease is found in Helicobacter pylori, which combines four of the regular six subunit enzymes in an overall tetrahedral assembly of 24 subunits . This supra-molecular assembly is thought to confer additional stability for the enzyme in this organism, which functions to produce ammonia in order to neutralise gastric acid. The presence of urease is used in the diagnosis of Helicobacter species. (From the Wikpedia article Urease.)

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Recent Publications on Urease:
Iron deficiency, Helicobacter infection and gastritis. Despite elegant regulatory mechanisms, iron deficiency anemia (IDA)...	13th November, 2009	Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.	Acta Haematol. 2009;122(2-3):97-102. Epub 2009 Nov 10. DOI Direct Link
Characterization of an O-desmethylangolensin-producing bacterium isolated from human feces. A bacterium that converted daidzein to O-desmethylangolensin was isolated...	12th November, 2009	Department of Applied Microbiology, Gifu Prefectural Research Institute	Arch Microbiol. 2009 Nov 11. DOI Direct Link
Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos and its oxon derivatives to soil microbial activity by combined methods. The inhibitory effects of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its oxon...	11th November, 2009	Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry	Chemosphere. 2009 Nov 7. DOI Direct Link
Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus following exposure to alcohol. It was recently shown that, as in yeast, alcohols selectively increase the...	11th November, 2009	Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv	Microb Pathog. 2009 Nov 6. DOI Direct Link
Development of a Recombinant Ureolytic Lactococcus Lactis for Urea Removal. Abstract Kidney failure is a common disease with high frequency....	11th November, 2009	Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of	Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2009 Nov 10.
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Press Releases About Urease:
Catachem Announces FDA Approval of the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) In-Vitro	1st January, 1970	Catachem	Catachem Announces FDA Approval of the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) In-Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Chemistry Reagent Kit Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA (June 7, 1989)…. Catachem, Inc. (Private)

Urease Clinical Trials:
Feasibility Study of Phototherapy System to Treat H Pylori

Urease Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7592003	Regulation of toll-like receptors on stem cells
7598031	Method for the detection of gene transcripts in blood and uses thereof
7598050	Methods of identifying compounds that modulate IL-4 receptor-mediated IgE synthesis utilizing a chloride intracellular channel 1 protein
7598208	Filter cake degradation compositions and methods of use in subterranean operations
7598273	Inhibitors of the gastric H.sup.+, K.sup.+-ATPase with enhanced therapeutic properties
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