Urease

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows:₂CO + H₂O → CO₂ + 2NH₃In 1926 James Sumner showed that urease is a protein. Urease is found in bacteria, yeast and several higher plants.Characteristics:*Active site metal: nickel* Molecular weight: 480 kDa or 545 kDa for Jack Bean Urease .* Optimum pH: 7.4* Optimum Temperature: 60 degrees Celsius* Enzymatic specificity: urea and hydroxyurea* Inhibitors: heavy metalsThe multi-subunit enzyme usually has a 3:3 stoichiometry with a 2-fold symmetric structure . An exceptional urease is found in Helicobacter pylori, which combines four of the regular six subunit enzymes in an overall tetrahedral assembly of 24 subunits . This supra-molecular assembly is thought to confer additional stability for the enzyme in this organism, which functions to produce ammonia in order to neutralise gastric acid. The presence of urease is used in the diagnosis of Helicobacter species. (From the Wikpedia article Urease.)

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Recent Publications on Urease:
[Research on the orientedly immobilized urease via concanavalin A] Concanavalin A (ConA) is immobilized on a pre-activated chitosan...	12th July, 2008	School of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.	Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2008 Apr;24(4):617-21.
Urease and Serine Protease inhibitory alkaloids from Isatis tinctoria. Phytochemical investigations on the alkaloidal fraction of the whole plant...	11th July, 2008	Departemnt of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology,	J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2008 Jul 9;:1. DOI Direct Link
Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease: the importance of smoking and ethnicity. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter...	11th July, 2008	Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains	Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007 Nov;38(6):1102-10.
A study of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori microbial susceptibility, 13C-urea breath test values. BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)...	11th July, 2008	Endoscopy Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.	Hepatogastroenterology. 2008 Mar-Apr;55(82-83):786-90.
Prevalence of cagA in relation to clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori infection in Egypt. Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer are common...	9th July, 2008	From the Department of Tropical Medicine and Biochemistry Department,	Scand J Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 1;:1-4. DOI Direct Link
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BioNews Results for Urease:
Hard Shell, Soft Core	Innovations Report:  Jun 30 2008 4:12AM Matching: urease
Urease as a Nanoreactor for Growing Crystalline ZnO Nanoshells at Room Temperature	Chemie.de:  Jun 27 2008 12:53PM Matching: urease

Urease Clinical Trials:
Feasibility Study of Phototherapy System to Treat H Pylori	Helicobacter Pylori
The Influence of FP-10 on the Eradication Rates of H. Pylori by a Triple Therapy	Helicobacter Pylori
Sequential Therapy Versus Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: a Placebo-Controlled Trial	Helicobacter Pylori Infection
First Time in Man Study of Finafloxacin Hydrochloride	Helicobacter Infections;   Urinary Tract Infection

Urease Patents:
US Patent No.	Title
7368257	Modulators of lymphocyte activation, Mkk3b compositions and methods of use
7374764	CD33-like protein
7374894	Methods of identifying compounds that modulate IL-4 receptor-mediated IgE synthesis utilizing a chloride intracellular channel 1 protein
7374896	GFP-SNAP25 fluorescence release assay for botulinum neurotoxin protease activity
7374909	Modulators of intracellular inflammation, cell death and cell survival pathways
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