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Vacuum

A vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than standard atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum. The root of the word vacuum is the Latin adjective vacuus which means "empty," but space can never be perfectly empty. A perfect vacuum with a gaseous pressure of absolute zero is a philosophical concept that is never observed in practice, partly because quantum theory predicts that no volume of space can be perfectly empty in this way. Physicists often use the term "vacuum" slightly differently. They discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they simply call "vacuum" or "free space" in this context, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to the imperfect vacua realized in practice.The quality of a vacuum is measured in relation to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. The residual gas pressure is the primary indicator of quality, and is most commonly measured in units called torr, even in metric contexts. Lower pressures indicate higher quality, although other variables must also be taken into account. Quantum mechanics sets limits on the best possible quality of vacuum. Outer space is a natural high quality vacuum, mostly of much higher quality than what can be created artificially with current technology. Low quality artificial vacuums have been used for suction for millennia. Vacuum has been a frequent topic of philosophical debate since Ancient Greek times, but was not studied empirically until the 17th century. Evangelista Torricelli produced the first artifical vacuum in 1643, and other experimental techniques were developed as a result of his theories of atmospheric pressure. Vacuum became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes, and a wide array of vacuum technology has since become available. The recent development of human spaceflight has raised interest in the impact of vacuum on human health, and on life forms in general. (From the Wikpedia article Vacuum.)

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Recent Publications on Vacuum:

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Therapy of Spinal Wound Infections Using Vacuum-assisted Wound Closure: Risk Factors Leading to Resistance to Treatment.
STUDY DESIGN: This study retrospectively reviewed spine surgical...
5th July, 2008
Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008 Jul;21(5):320-323.
DOI Direct Link
Gallium-Induced Milling of Silicon: A Computational Investigation of Focused Ion Beams.
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to model milling via a...
5th July, 2008
Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, Microsc Microanal. 2008 Aug;14(4):315-320.
DOI Direct Link
Synthesis of New Arylpiperazinylalkylthiobenzimidazole, Benzothiazole, or Benzoxazole Derivatives as Potent and Selective 5-HT1A Serotonin Receptor Ligands.
A series of new compounds containing a benzimidazole, benzothiazole, or...
5th July, 2008
J Med Chem. 2008 Jul 4;.
DOI Direct Link
Ultrafast electron transfer dynamics at NH3/Cu(111) interfaces: determination of the transient tunneling barrier.
Electron transfer (ET) dynamics at molecule-metal interfaces plays a key...
4th July, 2008
Freie Universitat Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Jul 9;130(27):8797-803.
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The ionization energy of Be(2), and spectroscopic characterization of the (1)(3)Sigma, (2)(3)Pi(g), and (3)(3)Pi(g) states.
Low lying electronic states of the beryllium dimer were investigated by...
4th July, 2008
Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2008 Jul 21;10(27):4006-13. Epub 2008 May 29.
DOI Direct Link

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BioNews Results for Vacuum:

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C-section increases asthma risk in children
NDTV:  Jul 4 2008 8:01AM Matching: vacuum
SPE Workstation
Drug Discovery Online:  Jul 3 2008 3:44AM Matching: vacuum
'C2100-64' conveyor
Pharmaceutical Technology:  Jul 3 2008 3:25AM Matching: vacuum
Mass Spectrometer
Drug Discovery Online:  Jul 3 2008 3:56AM Matching: vacuum
Cesarean delivery may increase kids' asthma risk
Reuters Health:  Jul 3 2008 10:04PM Matching: vacuum
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Vacuum Clinical Trials:

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Body Heat Content and Dissipation in Obese and Normal Weight Adults
Obesity Intervention:
Treatment of Incomplete Abortion With 600 Mcg Oral Misoprostol Compared to Standard Surgical Treatment
Incomplete Abortion
Sublingual Misoprostol Versus Standard Surgical Care for the Treatment of Incomplete Abortion
Incomplete Abortion
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Pressure Wounds
Skin Ulcer;   Pressure Ulcer
Misoprostol for the Treatment of Incomplete Abortion
Abortion, Incomplete

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Vacuum Patents:

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US Patent No.Title
7394197 Plasma display panel
7394508 Display device
7394509 Bistable display device having plural cavities containing rotatable bicolored particles within a liquid crystal carrier
7394511 Liquid crystal display
7394520 Temperature conditioned load lock, lithographic apparatus comprising such a load lock and method of manufacturing a substrate with such a load lock

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Companies working in the area of Vacuum from Bioportfolio's Biocorporate database :

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Intermagnetics General

Intermagnetics, drawing on the financial strength, operational excellence and technical leadership in its core businesses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Instrumentation has become a prominent...
www.intermagnetics.com/        View full profile
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Kendro Laboratory Products

Kendro Laboratory Products - A worldwide company formed by the merger of Heraeus Instruments and Sorvall.

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Kendro Laboratory Products is a...
www.kendro.com/        View full profile
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STRUCTURE PROBE,INC

Structure Probe, Inc. was founded in April, 1970 by Charles A. Garber, Ph. D., who is still the President and Chief Executive Officer of the firm.From the starting point of one of the first scanning...
www.2spi.com/        View full profile
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BioPortfolio Ltd. offers e-mail and postal lists for Vacuum scientists - we have details of around 1464 individuals working on Vacuum .


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Wikipedia excerpt, where present, licenced under the GNU Free Documentation License. Resources from the NCBI applied. Selected MeSH subject headings created and maintained by the US NLM are used in conjunction with additional keywords. 2006-2008 MeSH.
 

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