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Vacuum

A vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than standard atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum. The root of the word vacuum is the Latin adjective vacuus which means "empty," but space can never be perfectly empty. A perfect vacuum with a gaseous pressure of absolute zero is a philosophical concept that is never observed in practice, partly because quantum theory predicts that no volume of space can be perfectly empty in this way. Physicists often use the term "vacuum" slightly differently. They discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they simply call "vacuum" or "free space" in this context, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to the imperfect vacua realized in practice.The quality of a vacuum is measured in relation to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. The residual gas pressure is the primary indicator of quality, and is most commonly measured in units called torr, even in metric contexts. Lower pressures indicate higher quality, although other variables must also be taken into account. Quantum mechanics sets limits on the best possible quality of vacuum. Outer space is a natural high quality vacuum, mostly of much higher quality than what can be created artificially with current technology. Low quality artificial vacuums have been used for suction for millennia. Vacuum has been a frequent topic of philosophical debate since Ancient Greek times, but was not studied empirically until the 17th century. Evangelista Torricelli produced the first artifical vacuum in 1643, and other experimental techniques were developed as a result of his theories of atmospheric pressure. Vacuum became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes, and a wide array of vacuum technology has since become available. The recent development of human spaceflight has raised interest in the impact of vacuum on human health, and on life forms in general. (From the Wikpedia article Vacuum.)

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Recent Publications on Vacuum:

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Ca(6)Gd(1.5)Tb(0.5)Na(2)(PO(4))(6)F(2)-an intense green-emitting phosphor under vacuum ultraviolet and low-voltage cathode ray excitation.
The investigations on photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence reveal...
21st November, 2009
Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 15;34(22):3466-3468. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003466.
Controlling the Expansion into Vacuum-the Enabling Technology for Trapping Atmosphere-Sampled Particulate Ions.
A new inlet has been designed to control the kinetic energy distributions...
21st November, 2009
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2009 Oct 21.
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Characterization of the interphase in an aluminium/epoxy joint by using controlled pressure scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.
The aim of this work is to introduce the use of low vacuum scanning...
21st November, 2009
LTI, Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor, 66 Rue de Luxembourg BP 144, Micron. 2009 Oct 21.
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The optimal mode of delivery for the haemophilia carrier expecting an affected infant is vaginal delivery.
Summary. The optimal mode of delivery of a haemophilia carrier expecting a...
21st November, 2009
Departments of Paediatrics and Coagulation Disorders, Lund University, Haemophilia. 2009 Nov 18.
DOI Direct Link
On the ionization and dissociative photoionization of iodomethane: a definitive experimental enthalpy of formation of CH(3)I.
The dissociative photoionization onset energy of the CH(3)I --> CH(3)(+) +...
20th November, 2009
Paul Scherrer Institut, Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Dec 14;11(46):11013-11021. Epub 2009 Oct 16.
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Press Releases About Vacuum:

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Multitask Productions, LLC Releases the SqueezeItIn.com Workout DVD - Exclusive New Multi-Feature DVD Launches SqueezeItIn.com Online Store 19th November, 2009 Multitask Productions, LLC
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19 /PRNewswire/ -- Multitask Productions, LLC and SqueezeItIn.com - the website that shows you how to "let life be your workout!" with clever, effective exercises you can do
Reportlinker Adds Laboratory Pumping Systems - Global Market Opportunities 18th November, 2009 Reportlinker
NEW YORK, Nov. 18 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue. Laboratory Pumping Systems - Global Market Opportunities http://www
Varian, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2009 Results 29th April, 2009 Varian, Inc.
PALO ALTO, Calif., April 29 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Varian, Inc. (NasdaqGS: VARI) today reported second quarter fiscal year 2009 revenues of $205.4 million, a decrease of 17.2% from the second
EnWave Announces Collaboration and Initial Testing Results with Danisco AS 7th April, 2009 EnWave Corporation
VANCOUVER, April 7 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - EnWave Corporation (TSX-V: ENW) ("EnWave" or "the Company") today announced the successful completion of tests using its recently
EnWave Successfully Commercializes nutraREV(TM) Food Dehydration Technology 2nd March, 2009 EnWave Corporation
Innovative B.C. Technology Promises to Revolutionize Food Processing Industry VANCOUVER, March 2 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - EnWave Corporation (TSX-V: ENW) ("EnWave" or "the

BioNews Results for Vacuum:

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Combination Treatment May Help Patients With Peyronie's Disease: Presented at ESSM
PSL Group:  Nov 21 2009 6:09AM Matching: vacuum
Gene Ritvo, photographer and lover of antique cars, 74
Boston Globe:  Nov 21 2009 5:48AM Matching: vacuum
Accelerating Safe Concentration Of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Samples
Bioresearch Online:  Nov 20 2009 1:35PM Matching: vacuum
Accelerating Safe Concentration Of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Samples
Pharmaceutical Online:  Nov 20 2009 12:26PM Matching: vacuum
Edwards delivers vacuum carts to Diamond Light Source
Research & Development:  Nov 19 2009 7:58PM Matching: vacuum
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Vacuum Patents:

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US Patent No.Title
7619804 Electrochromic polarizer
7619876 Solid electrolytic capacitor and method of manufacturing the same
7619888 Flat heat column and heat dissipating apparatus thereof
7619901 Integrated structures and fabrication methods thereof implementing a cell phone or other electronic system
7619962 Optical disc and method of producing the same

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Companies working in the area of Vacuum from Bioportfolio's Biocorporate database :

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Intermagnetics General

Intermagnetics, drawing on the financial strength, operational excellence and technical leadership in its core businesses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Instrumentation has become a prominent...
www.intermagnetics.com/        View full profile
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Kendro Laboratory Products

Kendro Laboratory Products - A worldwide company formed by the merger of Heraeus Instruments and Sorvall.

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Kendro Laboratory Products is a...
www.kendro.com/        View full profile
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STRUCTURE PROBE,INC

Structure Probe, Inc. was founded in April, 1970 by Charles A. Garber, Ph. D., who is still the President and Chief Executive Officer of the firm.From the starting point of one of the first scanning...
www.2spi.com/        View full profile
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BioPortfolio Ltd. offers e-mail and postal lists for Vacuum scientists - we have details of around 1464 individuals working on Vacuum .


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Wikipedia excerpt, where present, licenced under the GNU Free Documentation License. Resources from the NCBI applied. Selected MeSH subject headings created and maintained by the US NLM are used in conjunction with additional keywords. 2006-2008 MeSH. Thumbshots from Thumbshots.org

 

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