Korean investigators, led by Dr. Hyo-Soo Kim, enrolled 27 myocardial infarction (heart attack) patients who underwent coronary stenting of the culprit lesion. Peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by G-CSF pretreatment were infused during stenting in 10 patients. Ten others received G-CSF alone and seven study subjects patients served as controls.

Ten subjects – 7 cell infusion recipients, 3 G-CSF alone recipients, and 1 control subject – underwent 6-month reassessment. Cell infusion recipients experienced benefit in terms of reduced hypoperfusion, increased coronary flow, and improved functional capacity and cardiac function. However, in-stent restenosis was observed in five cell infusion recipients and two G-CSF-alone recipients. Further study at the microscopic and biochemical levels suggested that the stem cell therapy accelerated the restenotic processes (beginning with the classical “neointimal proliferation”) in proportion to the improvement of pump (systolic) function. Using drug-eluting stents could prevent restenosis, uncoupling this risk from benefits.

A different team showed that, in dogs, heart muscle ischemia and myocardial microinfaction after intracoronary injection of bone marrow stem cells occurs at a concerning rate.

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