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Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors: Key Targets for Immunotherapeutic Development

Click to purchase: Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors: Key Targets for Immunotherapeutic Development 

Description: D&MD's Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors Report analyzes the scientific strategies being pursued by biotech and pharmaceutical companies to identify the clinically relevant information needed to design better therapeutics for unmet needs in diverse areas of human health and disease. Emphasis is placed on cancer, infection, autoimmunity/allergy, transplantation, and wound healing deriving from current research in chemoinformatics. The Report provides a meta-analysis and chemoinformatic summary of all current research and clinical trial results for the entire cytokine network, including advances in diagnostics, proteomics, and genomics. The results of these studies and trials are immediately applicable to most all aspects of medicine and chronic disease.

1,200+ Pages - 110+ Exhibits - 70 Companies Profiled

Summary

The cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors market has $90 billion revenue potential.
Cytokine-based research is revolutionizing the treatment of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Many of the original cytokine treatments have given way to more refined approaches as the knowledge and discovery process concerning complex cytokine and chemokine networks becomes further clarified. The increased market penetration of approved drugs targeting cytokines and their receptors has spurred several pharmaceutical companies to devote a portion of their pipelines to the development of these immunotherapeutics.

Scope

D&MD's Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors Report analyzes the scientific strategies being pursued by biotech and pharmaceutical companies to identify the clinically relevant information needed to design better therapeutics for unmet needs in diverse areas of human health and disease. Emphasis is placed on cancer, infection, autoimmunity/allergy, transplantation, and wound healing deriving from current research in chemoinformatics. The Report provides a meta-analysis and chemoinformatic summary of all current research and clinical trial results for the entire cytokine network, including advances in diagnostics, proteomics, and genomics. The results of these studies and trials are immediately applicable to most all aspects of medicine and chronic disease.

Market Opportunities

  • Develop cytokine-targeted immunotherapeutics to meet the demands for pioneering and curative drugs to battle chronic autoimmune and allergic (high morbidity) diseases and high mortality conditions.
  • Gain market leverage through the creation of new treatments and modalities amenable to further clinical testing and development of mechanisms of action for peptidomimetic cytokine agonists and antagonists, ligated cytokine derivatives, cytokine neutralizing antibodies, cytokine receptor antibodies, compounds that modify cytokine/chemokine production, cytokine gene therapy approaches, as well as other immunomodulating techniques.
  • Facilitate the promotion of new and successful clinical trial phases for current drug strategies through the application of the knowledge of cytokine effects, including side-effects, and the spectrum of diseases warranting application of a particular cytokine-based drug.
  • Bring a biological drug to market quicker and cheaper through solid industry partnerships and a clear understanding of the roles of the FDA/CBER.

Key Reasons to Buy

  • Pinpoint the full market potential of cytokine- and chemokine-based drugs with an examination of the projected market impact through 2009.
  • Identify commercial opportunities for immunotherapeutic drug technologies via a thorough assessment of current and emerging drug development platforms, including particular immunodiagnostics utilized to discover novel cytokine drugs.
  • Discover whatis new in the industry with a comprehensive update and discussion of novel cytokine, chemokine and growth factor classification and nomenclature schemes.
  • Obtain a complete and extensive appraisal of the development status for all cytokine-based drugs and clinical trials of all phases, including pre-clinical studies, via a meta-analysis of each disease application and investigated cytokine.
  • Get an up-to-date review of pathogenic cytokine findings through an evaluation of the latest developments critical to novel cytokine-based products and clinical trials, including a prodigious list of references and key Web site links.
  • Identify trends in each of the immunotherapeutic sub-sectors with an in-depth review of monoclonals, receptor antagonists, small molecule growth factors, signal cascades, ex vivo cell transfer, and gene therapy
  • Learn about the current patent and licensing landscape of immunotherapeutics from a critical evaluation of patent issues, licensing agreements, and partnerships of immunotherapeutic companies, including associated marketing profiles of major immunotherapeutic/biologicals companies.
  • Look inside 70 companies utilizing cytokines and chemokines for drug development, including their product pipelines, financial standing, partnerships & alliances, and more.

Table of Contents

Section Summary
1 Executive Summary (FREE)
2 Opportunities for Drug Development ($700)

    2.1. Introduction to Cytokine Networks, Chemokines, and Growth Factors
     

      2.1.1. Cytokines
      2.1.2. Cytokine Network
      2.1.3. Chemokines
      2.1.4. Autocrine, Paracrine, Intracrine, and Juxtacrine Growth Factors
      2.1.5. Colony Stimulating Factors, Thymic Hormones, and Neurtotrophic Factors
       

    2.2. Immunotherapeutics
     


      2.2.1. Immunological Processes and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Immunotherapy in Inflammation, Allergy, and Autoimmunity
      2.2.2. Host Defense: Cancer and Infection
       

        2.2.2.1. Hematopoiesis
        2.2.2.2. Immune Cell Activation
         

    2.3. Overview of Immunotherapeutic Strategies and Applied Technology
     

      2.3.1. Cytokine Inhibitors and Immunomodulation
      2.3.2. Key Companies Pursuing Cytokine Inhibitor Therapeutics
      2.3.3. Companies Pursuing Strategies with Monoclonal Antibodies
      2.3.4. Companies with Strategies to Use Polyclonal Antibodies and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
       

    2.4. Cytokine-Based Gene Therapy
    2.5. Drug Development Platforms
    2.6. Biochips
    2.7. The Power of Genomics
    2.8. Immunodiagnostics
     

      2.8.1. Cytokine Assays
      2.8.2. World Health Organization (WHO) Cytokine Standardization
      2.8.3. Cytokine Manufacturing
       

    2.9. Referenced Links
     

3 Cytokine Classification and Nomenclature ($950)

    3.1. Pleiotropic Nature of Cytokines
    3.2. Cyokine Classification Systems
     

      3.2.1. Cytokines Classed by Origin
      3.2.2. Cytokines Classed by Main Functions
      3.2.3. Cytokines Classed by Ligand-induced Receptor Signaling
      3.2.4. Cytokines Classed by 3-Dimensional Structure
      3.2.5. Cytokines Classed by Receptor Type
       

    3.3. Cytokine Families
     

      3.3.1. Interleukins
      3.3.2. CD130 Ligand Family
      3.3.3. Interleukin 10 Family
      3.3.4. Interleukin 1 Ligand Family
      3.3.5. Interleukin 1 Receptor Agonist (IL1ra)
      3.3.6. Interferons
      3.3.7. Tumor Necrosis Factors
      3.3.8. Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Super Family
       

        3.3.8.1. Nerve Growth Factor Family (Neurotrophins)
        3.3.8.2. Other TNF Ligand Super Family Members
         

    3.4. Cytokine Receptors
     

      3.4.1. Cytokine Receptor Classification According to Domain Composition
      3.4.2. Cytokine Receptor Families
      3.4.3. Interleukin Receptors
       

        3.4.3.1. Interleukin 1 Receptors IL-1 Receptors
        3.4.3.2. Interleukin 2 Receptors IL-2 Receptors
        3.4.3.3. Interleukin 3 Receptors IL-3 Receptors
        3.4.3.4. Interleukin -4,-5,-6 and -7 Receptors, IL-4, -5, -6, and -7 R
        3.4.3.5. Interleukin 10 IL-10 Family of Receptors
        3.4.3.6. Interleukin 12 and 17 Receptors IL-12 and -17 R
        3.4.3.7. Interleukin 13 Receptors IL-13 Receptor
         

      3.4.4. Interferon Receptors
       

        3.4.4.1. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors TNF Receptors
        3.4.4.2. TNF/NGF Receptor Superfamily
         

      3.5 Chemokines
       

        3.5.1 Chemokines Classed by Origin
        3.5.2 IUIS/WHO Subcommittee on Chemokine Nomenclature
        3.5.3. Current Chemokine Descriptions
        3.5.4 Chemokine Receptors
         

          3.5.4.1 CXC Receptors
          3.5.4.2 CC Receptors
          3.5.4.3 Erythrocyte Chemokine Receptor
           

        3.5.5 Chemokine Genomic Classifications
         

    3.6 Growth Factors
     

      3.6.1 Transforming Growth Factors TGF
      3.6.2 Transforming Growth Factor TGF Super Family
       

        3.6.2.1. Mullerian Inhibiting Substance MIS
        3.6.2.2. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins BMP 1-15
        3.6.2.3 Growth/Development Factors GDFs
        3.6.2.4. Inhibin and Activin
        3.6.2.5 Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factors GDNF Family
         

      3.6.3 Transforming Growth Factor Receptors
       

        3.6.3.1. TGF Binding Proteins
         

      3.6.4. Ligands for the Immunoglobulin-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Ig-RTK) Superfamily
       

        3.6.4.1. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors G-CSF
        3.6.4.2. Platelet Derived Growth Factors PGDF
        3.6.4.3. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors VEGF
        3.6.4.4. Stem Cell Growth Factors SCGF
        3.6.4.5. Fibroblast Growth Factor Family FGF 1-21
         

      3.6.5. Ig-RTK Superfamily
       

        3.6.5.1. CSF Receptors
        3.6.5.2. Stem Cell Factor Receptor, C-KIT, SCFR, CD117
        3.6.5.3 Platelet Derived Growth Factor PDGF Receptors
        3.6.5.4. VEGF Receptor Family
        3.6.5.5 FGF Receptors
         

      3.6.6 Thrombopoietin TPO and Erythropoietin EPO
       

        3.6.6.1. Thrombopoietin
        3.6.6.2. Erythropoietin
        3.6.6.3. TPO and EPO Receptors
         

      3.6.7. Epidermal Growth Factor EGF Superfamily
       

        3.6.7.1. Epidermal Growth Factor
        3.6.7.2. Teratocarcinoma-Derived Growth Factor or Cripto Growth Factor CFC Family
        3.6.7.3. Heregulin, Neuregulin and Other EGF Superfamily Members
        3.6.7.4. EGF Receptors
        3.6.7.5. Heregulin Receptors
         

    3.7. Endothelial Cell Growth Factors
    3.8. Insulin-like Growth Factors
     

      3.8.1. IGF Receptors
      3.8.2. IGF Binding Proteins
       

    3.9. Macrophage Stimulating Protein
     

      3.9.1. MSP Receptor (RON)
       

    3.10. Pleiotrophin PTN and MidKine MK
     

      3.10.1. Pleiotrophin - Heparin Affinity Regulatory Peptide
      3.10.2. Midkine - A Structural Homologue of PTN
      3.10.3. PTN and MK Receptors
       

    3.11. Other Selected Growth Factors of Clinical Interest
    3.12. Growth Factor Genomic Classifications
    3.13. Virulence Factors (Virokines, Viral Cytokines)
    3.14. Selected References
     

4 Cytokine-Associated Clinical Pathologies and Current Research I. Autoimmunity and Allergy ($700)

    4.1. Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
     

      4.1.1. Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases
       

        4.1.1.1. Rheumatoid Arthritis RA
        4.1.1.2. Cytokines in RA
        4.1.1.3. Chemokines in RA
        4.1.1.4. Growth Factors in RA
        4.1.1.5. Cytokine Genes in RA
         

      4.1.2. Juvenile Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis
      4.1.3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE
       

        4.1.3.1. Major Cytokines in SLE: IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-alpha, BAFF, CXCL13, VEGF
         

      4.1.4. Sjogrens Syndrome SS
       

        4.1.4.1. Major Cytokines in SS: IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma, BAFF, IP-10, CXCL13
         

      4.1.5. Vasculitides
       

        4.1.5.1. Major Cytokines in Vasculitis: IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-15, CD40L, sTNFR, CTLA-4, IP-10, TGF-beta, VEGF
        4.1.5.2. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
        4.1.5.3. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
        4.1.5.4 Wegeners Granulomatosis
        4.1.5.5. Giant Cell Arteritis
        4.1.5.6. Kawasaki Disease
        4.1.5.7. Churg-Strauss Syndrome
        4.1.5.8 Bechets Disease
         

    4. 2. Neurologic Autoimmune Diseases
     

      4.2.1. Multiple Sclerosis MS
       

        4.2.1.1. Major Cytokines in MS: IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, MIF, CCL3, CCL5, CCL10, CCL19, CCL21, GM-CSF, BDNF, VEGF
        4.2.1.2. Chemokines in MS
        4.2.1.3 Growth Factors in MS
        4.2.1.4 Cytokine Genes in MS
         

      4.2.2. Peripheral Neuropathy, Motor Neuron Disease and Neuropathic Pain
       

        4.2.2.1. Major Cytokines in Neuropathy and ALS: IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, LIF, TNF-alpha, NGF, NT-4, BDGF, GDNF, CNTF, HGF, IGF-1, CCL2, MCP-1
        4.2.2.2. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
         

      4.2.3. Myasthenia Gravis MG
       

        4.2.3.1. Major Cytokines in MG: IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta
         

      4.2.4. Endocrinologic Autoimmune Diseases
       

        4.2.4.1 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM, Type I)
        4.2.4.2. Major Cytokines in IDDM: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma, MIP-1, IP-10, IGF-1, EGF, TGF-beta
         

      4.2.5. Thyroiditis and Graves Disease
       

        4.2.5.1. Major Cytokines in Graves Disease: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, GRO-alpha, CXCL9, CXCL10, VEGF, TGF-beta
        4.2.6.1. Crohns Disease
        4.2.6.2 Ulcerative Colitis
         

    4.3. Dermatologic Autoimmune Diseases
     

      4.3.1. Pemphigus and Psoriasis
       

        4.3.1.1. Psoriasis and other Skin Disorders
         

    4.4. Ophthalmic Autoimmune Diseases
     

      4.4.1. Major Cytokines in Uveitis and Retinopathy: IL-1alpha, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, MIF, FKN, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, MIP-2, EDGF, VEGF, CTGF, PDGF, IGF-1, CNTF, TGF-beta
       

        4.4.1.1. Uveitis
        4.4.1.2. Retinopathy
         

    4.5. Inflammatory Disease of the Heart
     

      4.5.1. Major Cytokines in Myocarditis: IL-1alpha/beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CD27L, CD30L, GM-CSF, MCP-1, VEGF
       

    4.6. Inflammatory Disease of the Kidney
     

      4.6.1. Major Cytokines in Nephritis: IL-1beta/IL-1R2, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, M-CSF, G-CSF, MIF, PDGF, MCP-1, Mig, IL-8
       

    4.7. Allergic and Atopic Diseases
     

      4.7.1. Major Cytokines in Dermatitis: IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, CCL2, CCL4, CCL17, CCL22, EDGF, NGF
      4.7.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors in Dermatitis
      4.7.3. Cytokine Genes in Dermatitis
       

    4.8. Nasal and Ocular Allergy
    4.8.1. Major Cytokines in Rhinosinusitis and Keratoconjunctivitis
    4.9. Asthma and Bronchitis
     

      4.9.1. Major Cytokines in Asthma: IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-25, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TRAIL, TARC, Eotaxin, IP-10, GM-CSF, NGF, VEGF
       

    4.10. Coeliac Disease and Food Allergy
     

      4.10.1. Major Cytokines in Coeliac Disease CcD and Food Allergy: IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IGF-1
      4.10.1. Food Allergy
       

    4.12. Cytokine References for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (2002-Present)
     

5 Cytokine-Associated Clinical Pathologies and Current Research II. Oncology ($700)

    5.1. Immunotherapy with TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12
    5.2. Brain Cancer
     

      5.2.1. Major Cytokines in Brain Neoplasms: IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-18, TRAIL, CXCL12, M-CSF, VEGF, PEDF, PDGF, CTGF, FGF, HGF, IGF-I, NGF, BDGF
      5.2.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors in Brain Cancer
       


    5.3. Endocrine Tumors
     

      5.3.1. Pituitary Adenoma
      5.3.2. Major Cytokines in PA and TC: IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, LIF, MIF, CXCL2, CXCL12, TGF-beta, Ang-2, VEGF, FGF-2, NGF, IGF-I, IGF-II, Activin, Leptin
       

    5.4. Breast Cancer BC
     

      5.4.1. Major Cytokines in Breast Cancer: IL-4, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18, IFN-beta, CXCL12, MCP-1, M-CSF, TRAIL, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, Heregulin, Ataxin, Leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, EGF, FGF-2, HGF, KGF, VEGF, Epo, Ang-2
      5.4.2. Growth Factors in Breast Cancer
      5.4.3. Cytokine Genes in Breast Cancer
       

    5.4. Ovarian, Endometrial and Cervical Cancers
     

      5.4.1. Major Cytokines in Gynecological Tumors: IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-gamma, TRAIL, CCL5, CCL18, CXCL8, CXCL12, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, OSM, MIS, KITL, NRG, Amphiregulin, Endothelin-1, HIF-1alpha, HGF, KGF, FGF-2, FGF-10, VEGF, IGF-II
       

    5.5. Prostate Cancer PC
     

      5.5.1. Major Cytokines in Prostrate Cancer: IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IFN-beta, TNF-alpha, TRAIL, RANKL, FasL, MIS, MIC-1, TGF-beta, NGF, NRG, EGF, HB-EGF, FGF-2, FGF-7, FGF-8, TSP-1, VEGF, IGF-I
       

    5.6. Renal and Bladder Cancers
     

      5.6.1. Bladder Cancer CB
      5.6.2. Major Cytokines in Renal and Bladder Cancers: IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, CD40L, RANTES, G-CSF, TGF-beta, MCP-1, IL-8, NGF, EGF, HIF-2alpha, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, FGF-2, VEGF
      5.6.3. Renal Carcinoma
       

    5.7. Enteric Neoplasia
     

      5.7.1. Major Cytokines in Colon and Stomach Cancer: IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, Flt3L, OX40L, TRAIL, MIF, G-CSF, EGF, VEGF, Ang-1, ET-1, IGF-I
       

    5.8. Liver and Pancreatic Cancers
     

      5.8.1. Major Cytokines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, CCL3, CXCL3, TGF-beta, GM-CSF, HGF, HDGF, EGF, FGF-19, VEGF, Ang2, IGF-I, IGF-II
      5.8.2. Major Cytokines in Pancreatic Cancer CP: IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, TGF-beta, TRAIL, HGF, HB-EGF, FGF-5, PTN, NGF, Flt-3L, Midkine, SCF, Amphiregulin, HIF-1alpha, VEGF, IGF-I
       


    5.9. Skin Cancer
     

      5.9.1. Major Cytokines in Melanoma MM and Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-24, IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, ISGF-3 ISGF-15, TNF-alpha, FasL, TRAIL, SCF, GRO-alpha, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL12, M-CSF, GM-CSF, TGF-beta, FGF-2, VEGF, HGF, EGF, CTGF, alpha-MSH
      5.9.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors in Malignant Melanoma MN and Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC
       

    5.10. Lung Cancer LC
     

      5.10.1. Major Cytokines in Lung Cancer LC: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-24, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, CD40L, FasL, TRAIL, MIF, MDC, SCF, CX3CL1, RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1, IP-10, TGF-beta, OSM, OX40L, GM-CSF, EGF, HGF, FGF-2, Ang-2, PTN, VEGF, IGF-I/II
      5.10.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors in Lung Cancer LC
       

    5.11. Leukemia and Lymphoma
     

      5.11.1. Major Cytokines in Hematological Malignancies : IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, FasL, TRAIL, TWEAK, Flt-3L, CD40L, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Epo, Tpo, OPG, RANKL, MCP, MIP-1alpha, IL-8, CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL6, CXCL12, CXCL13, CXCL16, TGF-beta, VEGF, HGF, FGF-2, FGF-6, IGF-I, Activin A, Endostatin
       

    5.12. Transplant Rejection TR and Graft vs. Host Disease GHD
     

      5.12.1. Major Cytokines in Transplant Rejection TR and Graft vs. Host Disease GHD: IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IFN-gamma, c-KitL, CD40L, CD134L, B7L, FasL, TRAIL, TNF-alpha, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, IL-8, CCL21, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Epo, TGF-beta, VEGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, PDGF-A, HGF
      5.12.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors in TR and GVHD
      5.12.3. Cytokine Genes in TR and GHVD
       

    5.13. References for Cytokines in Cancer and Transplantation
     

6 Cytokine-Associated Clinical Pathologies and Current Research III. Infection and Wound Healing ($700)
 

    6.1. Cytokines and the Host Response to Infection and Vaccines
    6.2 Fungal and Parasitic Infections
     

      6.2.1. Malaria and Plasmodium
      6.2.2. Leishmania
      6.2.3. Neuroinvasive Parasites
      6.2.4. Other Parasites
      6.2.5. Other Fungi and Yeast
       

    6.3. Bacterial Infections
     

      6.3.1. Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria
      6.3.2. Gut Infection and Helicobacter pylori
      6.3.4. Bacterial Pneumonia and Anthrax
      6.3.5. Other Bacterial Cytokine Responses
       

    6.4. Viral Infections
     

      6.4.1. AIDS and Retroviruses
      6.4.2. Hepatitis Viruses
      6.4.3. Herpesviruses
      6.4.4. West Nile Virus and Other Neurotrophic Viruses
      6.4.5. SARS and Other Respiratory Viruses
      6.4.6. Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
      6.4.7. Other Viral Cytokine Responses
       

    6.5. Cytokines in Wound Healing and Regeneration
     

      6.5.1. Growth Factors in Wound Healing and Regeneration
       

    6.6. Infections and Wound Healing References
     


 


 
7 Cytokine-Based and -Modifying Immunotherapeutic Biologicals, Drugs, Vaccines, and Gene Therapy ($950)
 

    7.1. Roles of Cytokine Immunotherapy
     

      7.1.1. Types of Immunotherapy and Cytokine Modifications
       

    7.2. Cytokine Immunotherapy and Clinical Trials Overview
     

      7.2.1. Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF
       

        7.2.2.1. Enbrel Mediated Antagonism
        7.2.2.2. Infliximab Another Anti TNF Alpha Humanized Chimeric Monoclonal
         

      7.2.2 Modulation of Other TNF Family Members
      7.2.3. Apoptosis Through TRAIL and FasL
      7.2.4. Interferon IFN Family
       

        7.2.4.1. Interferon Derivatives and Enhancers
         

      7.2.5. Interferon beta 1 treatments for Multiple Sclerosis
      7.2.6. Interleukin I IL-1 and IL-1Ra Market Opportunities
      7.2.7. Interleukin 2 IL-2 and IL-2R (CD25)
      7.2.8. Interleukin 3 IL-3/IL-3R
      7.2.9. Interleukin IL-4/IL-4R
      7.2.10. Interleukin 5 IL-5
      7.2.11. Interleukin 6 IL-6
      7.2.12. Interleukin 9 IL-9
      7.2.13. Interleukin 10 IL-10
      7.2.14. Interleukin 11 IL-11
      7.2.15. Interleukin 12 IL-12
      7.2.16. Interleukin 13 IL-13
      7.2.17. Interleukin 15 IL-15
      7.2.18. Interleukin 18 IL-18
      7.2.19. Interleukins 20 and 21 IL-20 and IL-21
      7.2.20. CD40/CD154
      7.2.21. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor LIF
      7.2.22. OX40L
      7.2.23. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor MIF
       

    7.3. Chemokine Immunotherapy and Clinical Trials

      7.3.1. CCR2 Antagonists
      7.3.2. CCR3 Antagonists
      7.3.3. CCR4 and CCR8 Antagonists
      7.3.4. CCR5
      7.3.6 CXCR Antagonists
      7.3.7. IL-8 (CXCL8) Modulation
       

    7.4. Growth Factor Immunotherapy and Clinical Trials
     

      7.4.1 Colony Stimulating Factors (CSF)
      7.4.2. Granulocyte Macrophase Stimulating Factor GM-CSF
       

    7.5. Chemotherapeutics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Non-specific Cytokine Modulation
     

      7.5.1. Drugs that Modulate Cytokine Production
      7.5.2. Corticosteroids and Cytokines
       

    7.6. Cytokine Gene Therapy
     

      7.6.1. Clinical Trials in Progress
       

    7.7. DNA vaccines and Cytokines
    7.8. Growth Factor Immunotherapy and Clinical Trials
     

      7.8.1. Transforming Growth Factor TGF
      7.8.2. Bone Morphogenetic Protein BMP
      7.8.3. Neutrophil Regeneration factors CSF
      7.8.4. GM-CSF
      7.8.5. Erythropoietin EPO
      7.8.6. Thromobopoietin TPO
      7.8.7. Epidermal Groth Factor EGF and EGFR- the HER System
      7.8.8. Platelet Derived Growth Factor PDGF
      7.8.9. Fibroblast Growth Factor FGF
      7.8.10. Repifermin KGF-2 (FGF-7)
      7.8.11. Connective Tissue Growth Factor CTGF
      7.8.12. Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor PEDF
      7.8.13. Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor VEGF
      7.8.14. Insulinlike Growth Factor IGF/IGF-1R
      7.8.15. Myotrophin Dispute
      7.8.16. Troponin I and AF-1
      7.8.17. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor CNTF
      7.8.18. Prosaposin
      7.8.19. Neural Growth Factor NGF and Small Molecule Neurotrophic Factors
      7.8.20. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Growth Factor BDNF
      7.8.21. Neurturin, Neublastin and GDNF
      7.8.22. Gastrin
      7.8.23. Thymosin
       

    7.9. Indirect Cytokine Manipulation Strategies

      7.9.1. Signal Transduction Pathways and Transcription Factors
      7.9.2. Receptor Kinase RTKs
      7.9.3. Mixed Lineage Kinase MLK
      7.9.4. Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Enzyme PDE4
      7.9.5. Ras/Raf
      7.9.6. MAP Kinase MAPK and /MEK
      7.9.7. Gene Regulating kinase JNK
      7.9.8. Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase IMPDH
      7.9.9. Interleukin Beta Converting Enzyme ICE
      7.9.10. NF-kappaB and IkappaB
      7.9.11. Pre-Ligand Assembly Domain PLAD
      7.9.12. HIF-1 alpha
      7.9.13. Capases
      7.9.14. Suppressors of Cytokine Signalling SOCS
      7.9.15. NOTCH
       

    7.10. Chemotherapeutics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Non-Specific Cytokine Modulation
     

      7.10.1. Drugs that Modulate Cytokine Production
      7.10.2. Dietary Supplements and Phytomedicines
      7.10.3. Corticosteroids and Cytokines
      7.10.4. Other Immunotherapeutic Interventions and Cytokine Manipulations
       

        7.10.4.1. Intravenous Immuno Globulin IVIG therapy
        7.10.4.2. BCG
         

      7.10.5. Heparinase
      7.10.6. Integrins
      7.10.7. CD Antigens (Other than Cytokine Receptors)
       

    7.11. Immunomodulation via Adoptive Transfer and Stem Cell Transplantation
     

      7.11.1. Dendritic Cell/Tumor Cell Fusion Cancer Vaccine 7.11.2. Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplants

       

    7.12. Antisense Cytokine Inhibitors
    7.15. CpG Sequences
    7.16. References
     

8 Cytokine Immunotherapeutics Companies: Profiles, Finances, and Partnerships ($1,250)
 
  • Abbott Laboratories
  • Abgenix, Inc.
  • Advanced Biotherapy, Inc.
  • Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
  • Amgen, Inc.
  • Amrad Corporation, Ltd.
  • AnGes MG, Inc.
  • Applied Molecular Evolution, Inc.
  • Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Avant Immunotherapeutics, Inc.
  • Biogen, Inc.
  • Biomira, Inc.
  • BioVex, Ltd
  • Boston Life Sciences, Inc.
  • Cambridge Antibody Technology Group plc
  • Celgene Corp. (Signal Pharmaceuticals)
  • Celltech Group plc
  • Centocor, Inc. (Johnson & Johnson)
  • Cephalon, Inc.
  • ChemoCentryx, Inc
  • Chemokine Therapeutics Corp.
  • Chiron Corp.
  • Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
  • Coley Pharmaceutical Group
  • Corixa Corp.
  • Deltagen, Inc.
  • Enact Pharma plc
  • Essex Bio-Technology, Ltd.
  • Genaera Corp.
  • Genentech, Inc.
  • GeneTrol Biotherapeutics, Inc.
  • Genmab A/S
  • Genzyme Corp.
  • Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
  • ICOS Corporation
  • ImClone Systems, Inc.
  • Immuno-Designed Molecules, SA
  • ImmunoGen, Inc.
  • Immunomedics, Inc.
  • Incyte Corporation
  • Interleukin Genetics, Inc.
  • Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc
  • Maxim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Medarex, Inc.
  • MedImmune, Inc.
  • Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc
  • Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Protein Design Labs, Inc.
  • Protherics plc
  • Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc
  • ReNeuron Holdings plc
  • Repligen Corp.
  • SangStat Medical Corp.
  • Savient Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Myelos Corp.)
  • Schering-Plough Corp.
  • SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Serono Inc. (Group)
  • Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Transgene S.A.
  • Transition Therapeutics, Inc.
  • Valentis Inc.
  • Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • Virax Holdings, Ltd.
  • Xenova Group plc
  • Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
  • ZymoGenetics, Inc.

Date published: 12/1/2003
Number of pages:
1200+
Category:
Drug Discovery
Industry:
Pharmaceutical & Biotech 

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