|
Selected Facts about HIV/AIDS |
|
Parameter |
Estimate |
Estimate |
|
UNITED STATES |
|
|
U.S. AIDS cases (through Dec 2002)1 |
U.S. AIDS deaths (through Dec 2002)1 |
|
Adults/Adolescents |
849,780 |
496,598 |
|
Pediatric (under age 13) |
9,074 |
5,071 |
|
Total |
858,854 |
501,669 |
| |
|
Living with HIV |
850,000-950,000 |
1/4 are unaware of their infection2 |
|
New HIV infections per year |
40,000 (1/2 younger than 25; 70% male)2 |
|
|
New diagnoses of HIV/AIDS increased (after decreasing since the
mid-1990s, diagnoses increased in 2002) |
3.2% increase from 2001 (25,643) to 2002 (26,464); 71% were men1 |
|
|
Percent of progression from HIV to AIDS within 12 months after HIV
diagnosis |
39%1 |
|
|
Estimated number of deaths among people with AIDS |
Declined 14% from 1998 (19,005) to 2002 (16,371)1 |
|
|
Health insurance |
1/3 have private insurance, 1/5 is uninsured, Medicare-Medicaid cover
the remaining 1/23 |
|
|
HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, labor, and
delivery or by breast-feeding |
Accounts for 91% of cases in children; Between1992 and 2002, perinatally
acquired AIDS cases declined 90%, from 912 to 90 cases per year |
|
|
WORLDWIDE |
|
Living with HIV (end of 2003) |
35.7 million adults; Almost 50% are women |
2.1 million children |
|
New HIV infections (2003) |
4.8 million (14,000/day) |
More than 95% are in developing countries |
|
HIV/AIDS-associated illness-caused deaths (2003) |
2.9 million |
490,000 children younger than age 15 |
|
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS |
|
Opportunistic fungal infections in AIDS |
Rates range from 60%-90% for mucosal candidiasis to 6%-30% for invasive
mycoses (cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioimycosis)2 |
|
|
Esophageal candidiasis |
Most common opportunistic infection in developed countries; Affects up
to 20% of AIDS patients4 |
|
|
Cryptococcosis |
Worldwide ranks 2nd or 3rd2 |
|
|
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
Reduced in HIV patients by 75% by combination antiviral therapy but
still affects 5% of people with HIV5 |
|
|
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) |
CDC: 1.25 million Americans are chronically infected; 100,000 new
infections in 20046 |
100 times more infectious than AIDS |
|
HBV |
About half of new cases caused by sexual intercourse; In 1995, about 1
in 3 with acute HBV infection had a history of another STD1 |
Up to 6,000 people die of HBV-related liver complications each year |
|
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) |
The most common chronic blood borne infection in the U.S.; An estimated
4 million people have been infected with HCV7 |
Up to 85% of people infected with HCV each year will develop chronic
infection |
|
HCV + HIV |
Up to 1/4 of HIV-positive individuals in the U.S. are co-infected with
HCV |
In 1999, the CDC added HCV to the list of opportunistic infections
associated with HIV |
|
HCV-related end-stage liver disease + HIV |
Since 2000, HCV-related end-stage liver disease has been recognized as a
leading cause of death among people with HIV8 |
One study found that >40% of deaths in HIV-positive individuals were
associated with liver disease either as a primary or associated cause9 |
|
HCV + HIV in pregnancy |
Transmission of HCV to offspring among mothers with HCV alone is about
2%, but rates 2-3 times higher have been reported among those with both
HCV and HIV infection10 |
|
|
U.S. rates of STDs--including HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, genital herpes, HPV,
and HBV--are, by far, the highest of the industrialized world |
An estimated 15.3 million new cases of STDs are reported each year in
the U.S.1 |
Health problems caused by STDs tend to be more severe for women than for
men |
|
Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) |
Affects an estimated 1 out of 4 (45 million) in the U.S. |
About 500,000 new cases per year1 |
|
Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) |
24 million infected in the U.S.; Health experts estimate that there are
more cases of genital HPV infection than of any other STD in the U.S.2 |
Approximately 5.5 million new cases reported each year |
|
HPV |
About 2/3 of those who have sexual contact with a partner with genital
warts (caused by low-risk types of HPV) usually develop warts themselves
within 3 months of contact2 |
|
|
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) |
In the past, about 1 in 4 homosexual or bisexual males with AIDS
developed KS11 |
Because of more effective HIV treatments, the rate of KS among that
population has dropped to about 1/7 of its peak |
|
AIDS-related lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or NHL) |
About 10% of people with HIV may eventually develop NHL (a rate >80
times higher than for the general population)5 |
Although the rate declined about 40% because of combination antiviral
therapy, lymphoma still accounts for the deaths of about 20% of people
with HIV |
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) |
The most common opportunistic infection in people with HIV; Without
treatment, >85% would eventually develop PCP5 |
Declining; PCP was the first AIDS-defining diagnosis for only 32% of
cases in 1993, compared to 63% in 1987; PCP was the cause of death in
14% of AIDS deaths in 1993, compared to 32% in 1987 |
|
COSTS (U.S.) |
|
Average lifetime cost per case of genital herpes |
$417 for women; $511 for men12 |
Total direct medical costs in 2000 were $292.7 million |
|
Average lifetime cost per case of HBV infection |
$77912 |
Total direct medical costs in 2000 were $5.8 million |
|
Average lifetime cost per case of HPV infection |
$1,228 for women; $27 for men12 |
Total direct medical costs in 2000 were $2.9 billion |
|
48-week course of treatment for HCV infection |
$40,0008 |
|
|
Lifetime treatment cost for a person with HIV |
About $155,0001 |
40,000 infected yearly results in an annualized cost of >$6 billion;
During the last 5 years alone, an estimated 200,000 people have been
infected with HIV; Treating them over the rest of their lives will cost
$31 billion |
|
Mother-to-child HIV transmission |
Prevention costs about $33,000 per infection averted |
|
|
Total direct and indirect costs of the major STDs (including HIV/AIDS,
HSV, HPV, and HBV) and complications |
Estimated to total nearly $17 billion in 19941 |
Direct costs include expenditures for medical and non-medical services
and materials); Indirect costs are mainly lost wages |
