These highlights do not include all the information needed to use VFEND safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for VFEND. VFEND (voriconazole) I.V. Initial U.S. Approval: 2002 | VFEND
VFEND is indicated for use in patients 12 years of age and older in the treatment of the following fungal infections:
In clinical trials, the majority of isolates recovered were Aspergillus fumigatus. There was a small number of cases of culture-proven disease due to species of Aspergillus other than A. fumigatus [see Clinical Studies (14.1), Microbiology (12.4) ].
disseminated infections in skin and infections in abdomen, kidney, bladder wall, and wounds [see Clinical Studies (14.2), Microbiology (12.4) ].
[see Clinical Studies (14.3), Microbiology (12.4) ].
[see Clinical Studies (14.4), Microbiology (12.4) ].
Specimens for fungal culture and other relevant laboratory studies (including histopathology) should be obtained prior to therapy to isolate and identify causative organism(s). Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known. However, once these results become available, antifungal therapy should be adjusted accordingly.
VFEND I.V. for Injection requires reconstitution to 10 mg/mL and subsequent dilution to 5 mg/mL or less prior to administration as an infusion, at a maximum rate of 3 mg/kg per hour over 1 to 2 hours.
Do not administer as an IV bolus injection.
Blood products and concentrated electrolytes
VFEND I.V. must not be infused concomitantly with any blood product or short-term infusion of concentrated electrolytes, even if the two infusions are running in separate intravenous lines (or cannulas). Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia should be corrected prior to initiation of VFEND therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ].
Intravenous solutions containing (non-concentrated) electrolytes
VFEND I.V. can be infused at the same time as other intravenous solutions containing (non-concentrated) electrolytes, but must be infused through a separate line.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
VFEND I.V. can be infused at the same time as total parenteral nutrition, but must be infused in a separate line. If infused through a multiple-lumen catheter, TPN needs to be administered using a different port from the one used for VFEND I.V.
Invasive aspergillosis and serious fungal infections due to Fusarium spp. and Scedosporium apiospermum
See Table 1. Therapy must be initiated with the specified loading dose regimen of intravenous VFEND on Day 1 followed by the recommended maintenance dose regimen. Intravenous treatment should be continued for at least 7 days. Once the patient has clinically improved and can tolerate medication given by mouth, the oral tablet form or oral suspension form of VFEND may be utilized. The recommended oral maintenance dose of 200 mg achieves a voriconazole exposure similar to 3 mg/kg IV; a 300 mg oral dose achieves an exposure similar to 4 mg/kg IV. Switching between the intravenous and oral formulations is appropriate because of the high bioavailabilty of the oral formulation in adults [see Clinical Pharmacology (12) ].
Candidemia in nonneutropenic patients and other deep tissue Candida infections
See Table 1. Patients should be treated for at least 14 days following resolution of symptoms or following last positive culture, whichever is longer.
Esophageal Candidiasis
See Table 1. Patients should be treated for a minimum of 14 days and for at least 7 days following resolution of symptoms.
| Infection | Loading dose | Maintenance Dose |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| IV | IV | Oral |
|
|
Invasive Aspergillosis |
6 mg/kg q12h for the first 24 hours | 4 mg/kg q12h | 200 mg q12h |
| Candidemia in nonneutropenic patients and other deep tissue Candida infections | 6 mg/kg q12h for the first 24 hours | 3–4 mg/kg q12h |
200 mg q12h |
| Esophageal Candidiasis |
|
|
200 mg q12h |
| Scedosporiosis and Fusariosis | 6 mg/kg q12h for the first 24 hours | 4 mg/kg q12h | 200 mg q12h |
If patient response is inadequate, the oral maintenance dose may be increased from 200 mg every 12 hours (similar to 3 mg/kg IV q12h) to 300 mg every 12 hours (similar to 4 mg/kg IV q12h). For adult patients weighing less than 40 kg, the oral maintenance dose may be increased from 100 mg every 12 hours to 150 mg every 12 hours. If patient is unable to tolerate 300 mg orally every 12 hours, reduce the oral maintenance dose by 50 mg steps to a minimum of 200 mg every 12 hours (or to 100 mg every 12 hours for adult patients weighing less than 40 kg).
If patient is unable to tolerate 4 mg/kg IV q12h, reduce the intravenous maintenance dose to 3 mg/kg q12h.
The maintenance dose of voriconazole should be increased when co-administered with phenytoin or efavirenz [see Drug Interactions (7) ].
The maintenance dose of voriconazole should be reduced in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment, Child-Pugh Class A and B [see Use in Patients with Hepatic Impairment (2.7) ]. There are no PK data to allow for dosage adjustment recommendations in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C).
Duration of therapy should be based on the severity of the patient's underlying disease, recovery from immunosuppression, and clinical response.
Reconstitution
The powder is reconstituted with 19 mL of Water For Injection to obtain an extractable volume of 20 mL of clear concentrate containing 10 mg/mL of voriconazole. It is recommended that a standard 20 mL (non-automated) syringe be used to ensure that the exact amount (19.0 mL) of Water for Injection is dispensed. Discard the vial if a vacuum does not pull the diluent into the vial. Shake the vial until all the powder is dissolved.
Dilution
VFEND must be infused over 1–2 hours, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL or less. Therefore, the required volume of the 10 mg/mL VFEND concentrate should be further diluted as follows (appropriate diluents listed below):
The final VFEND solution must be infused over 1–2 hours at a maximum rate of 3 mg/kg per hour.
VFEND I.V. for Injection is a single dose unpreserved sterile lyophile. Therefore, from a microbiological point of view, once reconstituted, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and should not be longer than 24 hours at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). This medicinal product is for single use only and any unused solution should be discarded. Only clear solutions without particles should be used.
The reconstituted solution can be diluted with:
9 mg/mL (0.9%) Sodium Chloride USPLactated Ringers USP5% Dextrose and Lactated Ringers USP5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride USP5% Dextrose USP5% Dextrose and 20 mEq Potassium Chloride USP0.45% Sodium Chloride USP5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride USP
The compatibility of VFEND I.V. with diluents other than those described above is unknown (see Incompatibilities below).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
| Volume of VFEND Concentrate (10 mg/mL) required for: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight (kg) |
3 mg/kg dose (number of vials) |
4 mg/kg dose (number of vials) |
6 mg/kg dose (number of vials) |
| 30 | 9.0 mL (1) | 12 mL (1) | 18 mL (1) |
| 35 | 10.5 mL (1) | 14 mL (1) | 21 mL (2) |
| 40 | 12.0 mL (1) | 16 mL (1) | 24 mL (2) |
| 45 | 13.5 mL (1) | 18 mL (1) | 27 mL (2) |
| 50 | 15.0 mL (1) | 20 mL (1) | 30 mL (2) |
| 55 | 16.5 mL (1) | 22 mL (2) | 33 mL (2) |
| 60 | 18.0 mL (1) | 24 mL (2) | 36 mL (2) |
| 65 | 19.5 mL (1) | 26 mL (2) | 39 mL (2) |
| 70 | 21.0 mL (2) | 28 mL (2) | 42 mL (3) |
| 75 | 22.5 mL (2) | 30 mL (2) | 45 mL (3) |
| 80 | 24.0 mL (2) | 32 mL (2) | 48 mL (3) |
| 85 | 25.5 mL (2) | 34 mL (2) | 51 mL (3) |
| 90 | 27.0 mL (2) | 36 mL (2) | 54 mL (3) |
| 95 | 28.5 mL (2) | 38 mL (2) | 57 mL (3) |
| 100 | 30.0 mL (2) | 40 mL (2) | 60 mL (3) |
Incompatibilities
VFEND I.V. must not be diluted with 4.2% Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion. The mildly alkaline nature of this diluent caused slight degradation of VFEND after 24 hours storage at room temperature. Although refrigerated storage is recommended following reconstitution, use of this diluent is not recommended as a precautionary measure. Compatibility with other concentrations is unknown.
In the clinical program, patients were included who had baseline liver function tests (ALT, AST) up to 5 times the upper limit of normal. No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with this degree of abnormal liver function, but continued monitoring of liver function tests for further elevations is recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ].
It is recommended that the standard loading dose regimens be used but that the maintenance dose be halved in patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class A and B) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
VFEND has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class C) or in patients with chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C disease. VFEND has been associated with elevations in liver function tests and clinical signs of liver damage, such as jaundice, and should only be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment if the benefit outweighs the potential risk. Patients with hepatic insufficiency must be carefully monitored for drug toxicity.
The pharmacokinetics of orally administered VFEND are not significantly affected by renal impairment. Therefore, no adjustment is necessary for oral dosing in patients with mild to severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 ) ].
In patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min), accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, SBECD, occurs. Oral voriconazole should be administered to these patients, unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of intravenous voriconazole. Serum creatinine levels should be closely monitored in these patients, and, if increases occur, consideration should be given to changing to oral voriconazole therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ].
Voriconazole is hemodialyzed with clearance of 121 mL/min. The intravenous vehicle, SBECD, is hemodialyzed with clearance of 55 mL/min. A 4-hour hemodialysis session does not remove a sufficient amount of voriconazole to warrant dose adjustment.
Powder for Solution for Injection
VFEND I.V. for Injection is supplied in a single use vial as a sterile lyophilized powder equivalent to 200 mg VFEND and 3200 mg sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium (SBECD).
See Table 7 for a listing of drugs that may significantly alter voriconazole concentrations. Also, see Table 8 for a listing of drugs that may interact with voriconazole resulting in altered pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the other drug [see Contraindications (4), Drug Interactions (7) ].
In clinical trials, there have been uncommon cases of serious hepatic reactions during treatment with VFEND (including clinical hepatitis, cholestasis and fulminant hepatic failure, including fatalities). Instances of hepatic reactions were noted to occur primarily in patients with serious underlying medical conditions (predominantly hematological malignancy). Hepatic reactions, including hepatitis and jaundice, have occurred among patients with no other identifiable risk factors. Liver dysfunction has usually been reversible on discontinuation of therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Adverse Reactions (6.3) ].
Monitoring of hepatic function: Liver function tests should be evaluated at the start of and during the course of VFEND therapy. Patients who develop abnormal liver function tests during VFEND therapy should be monitored for the development of more severe hepatic injury. Patient management should include laboratory evaluation of hepatic function (particularly liver function tests and bilirubin). Discontinuation of VFEND must be considered if clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop that may be attributable to VFEND [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Dosage and Administration (2.4, 2.6), Adverse Reactions (6.3) ].
The effect of VFEND on visual function is not known if treatment continues beyond 28 days. There have been post-marketing reports of prolonged visual adverse events, including optic neuritis and papilledema. If treatment continues beyond 28 days, visual function including visual acuity, visual field and color perception should be monitored [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].
Voriconazole can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
In animals, voriconazole administration was associated with teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, increased gestational length, dystocia and embryomortality. Please refer to section 8.1 (Use in Pregnancy) for additional details.
If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be informed of the potential hazard to the fetus.
Some azoles, including voriconazole, have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram. During clinical development and post-marketing surveillance, there have been rare cases of arrhythmias, (including ventricular arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes), cardiac arrests and sudden deaths in patients taking voriconazole. These cases usually involved seriously ill patients with multiple confounding risk factors, such as history of cardiotoxic chemotherapy, cardiomyopathy, hypokalemia and concomitant medications that may have been contributory.
Voriconazole should be administered with caution to patients with these potentially proarrhythmic conditions.
Rigorous attempts to correct potassium, magnesium and calcium should be made before starting voriconazole [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
During infusion of the intravenous formulation of voriconazole in healthy subjects, anaphylactoid-type reactions, including flushing, fever, sweating, tachycardia, chest tightness, dyspnea, faintness, nausea, pruritus and rash, have occurred uncommonly. Symptoms appeared immediately upon initiating the infusion. Consideration should be given to stopping the infusion should these reactions occur.
Electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia should be corrected prior to initiation of VFEND therapy.
Patient management should include laboratory evaluation of renal (particularly serum creatinine) and hepatic function (particularly liver function tests and bilirubin).
It is recommended that the standard loading dose regimens be used but that the maintenance dose be halved in patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class A and B) receiving VFEND [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Dosage and Administration (2.6) ].
VFEND has not been studied in patients with severe cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class C). VFEND has been associated with elevations in liver function tests and clinical signs of liver damage, such as jaundice, and should only be used in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency if the benefit outweighs the potential risk. Patients with hepatic insufficiency must be carefully monitored for drug toxicity.
In patients with moderate to severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min), accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, SBECD, occurs. Oral voriconazole should be administered to these patients, unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of intravenous voriconazole. Serum creatinine levels should be closely monitored in these patients, and if increases occur, consideration should be given to changing to oral voriconazole therapy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Dosage and Administration (2.7) ].
Acute renal failure has been observed in patients undergoing treatment with VFEND. Patients being treated with voriconazole are likely to be treated concomitantly with nephrotoxic medications and have concurrent conditions that may result in decreased renal function.
Patients should be monitored for the development of abnormal renal function. This should include laboratory evaluation, particularly serum creatinine.
Patients with risk factors for acute pancreatitis (e.g., recent chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]) should be monitored for the development of pancreatitis during VFEND treatment.
Serious exfoliative cutaneous reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported during treatment with VFEND. If a patient develops an exfoliative cutaneous reaction, VFEND should be discontinued.
In addition VFEND has been associated with photosensitivity skin reaction. Patients should avoid intense or prolonged exposure to direct sunlight during VFEND treatment. In patients with photosensitivity skin reactions squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and melanoma have been reported during long-term therapy. If a patient develops a skin lesion consistent with squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma, VFEND should be discontinued.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The most frequently reported adverse events (all causalities) in the therapeutic trials were visual disturbances (18.7%), fever (5.7%), nausea (5.4%), rash (5.3%), vomiting (4.4%), chills (3.7%), headache (3.0%), liver function test increased (2.7%), tachycardia (2.4%), hallucinations (2.4%). The treatment-related adverse events which most often led to discontinuation of voriconazole therapy were elevated liver function tests, rash, and visual disturbances [see Warning and Precautions (5.2, 5.3) , Adverse Reactions (6.3) , Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].
The data described in Table 5 reflect exposure to voriconazole in 1655 patients in the therapeutic studies. This represents a heterogeneous population, including immunocompromised patients, e.g., patients with hematological malignancy or HIV and non-neutropenic patients. This subgroup does not include healthy subjects and patients treated in the compassionate use and non-therapeutic studies. This patient population was 62% male, had a mean age of 46 years (range 11–90, including 51 patients aged 12–18 years), and was 78% white and 10% black. Five hundred sixty one patients had a duration of voriconazole therapy of greater than 12 weeks, with 136 patients receiving voriconazole for over six months. Table 5 includes all adverse events which were reported at an incidence of ≥2% during voriconazole therapy in the all therapeutic studies population, studies 307/602 and 608 combined, or study 305, as well as events of concern which occurred at an incidence of <2%.
In study 307/602, 381 patients (196 on voriconazole, 185 on amphotericin B) were treated to compare voriconazole to amphotericin B followed by other licensed antifungal therapy in the primary treatment of patients with acute invasive aspergillosis. The rate of discontinuation from voriconazole study medication due to adverse events was 21.4% (42/196 patients). In study 608, 403 patients with candidemia were treated to compare voriconazole (272 patients) to the regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole (131 patients). The rate of discontinuation from voriconazole study medication due to adverse events was 19.5% out of 272 patients. Study 305 evaluated the effects of oral voriconazole (200 patients) and oral fluconazole (191 patients) in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. The rate of discontinuation from voriconazole study medication in Study 305 due to adverse events was 7% (14/200 patients). Laboratory test abnormalities for these studies are discussed under Clinical Laboratory Values below.
| All Therapeutic Studies | Studies 307/602 and 608 (IV/ oral therapy) |
Study 305 (oral therapy) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voriconazole N = 1655 |
Voriconazole N = 468 |
Ampho B N=185 |
Ampho B→ Fluconazole N= 131 |
Voriconazole N = 200 |
Fluconazole N =191 |
|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
|
Special Senses |
||||||
| Abnormal vision | 310 (18.7) | 63 (13.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 31 (15.5) | 8 (4.2) |
| Photophobia | 37 (2.2) | 8 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 5 (2.5) | 2 (1.0) |
| Chromatopsia | 20 (1.2) | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
| Body as a Whole | ||||||
| Fever | 94 (5.7) | 8 (1.7) | 25 (13.5) | 5 (3.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Chills | 61 (3.7) | 1 (0.2) | 36 (19.5) | 8 (6.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Headache | 49 (3.0) | 9 (1.9) | 8 (4.3) | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.5) |
| Cardiovascular System | ||||||
| Tachycardia | 39 (2.4) | 6 (1.3) | 5 (2.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Digestive System | ||||||
| Nausea | 89 (5.4) | 18 (3.8) | 29 (15.7) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (1.6) |
| Vomiting | 72 (4.4) | 15 (3.2) | 18 (9.7) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Liver function tests abnormal | 45 (2.7) | 15 (3.2) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (0.8) | 6 (3.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Cholestatic jaundice | 17 (1.0) | 8 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.5) | 0 |
| Metabolic and Nutritional Systems | ||||||
| Alkaline phosphatase increased | 59 (3.6) | 19 (4.1) | 4 (2.2) | 3 (2.3) | 10 (5.0) | 3 (1.6) |
| Hepatic enzymes increased | 30 (1.8) | 11 (2.4) | 5 (2.7) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.5) | 0 |
| SGOT increased | 31 (1.9) | 9 (1.9) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 8 (4.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| SGPT increased | 29 (1.8) | 9 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.5) | 6 (3.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Hypokalemia | 26 (1.6) | 3 (0.6) | 36 (19.5) | 16 (12.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Bilirubinemia | 15 (0.9) | 5 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Creatinine increased | 4 (0.2) | 0 | 59 (31.9) | 10 (7.6) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Nervous System | ||||||
| Hallucinations | 39 (2.4) | 13 (2.8) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Skin and Appendages | ||||||
| Rash | 88 (5.3) | 20 (4.3) | 7 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.5) | 1 (0.5) |
| Urogenital | ||||||
| Kidney function abnormal | 10 (0.6) | 6 (1.3) | 40 (21.6) | 9 (6.9) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) |
| Acute kidney failure | 7 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 11 (5.9) | 7 (5.3) | 0 | 0 |
Visual Disturbances
Voriconazole treatment-related visual disturbances are common. In therapeutic trials, approximately 21% of patients experienced abnormal vision, color vision change and/or photophobia. Visual disturbances may be associated with higher plasma concentrations and/or doses.
There have been post-marketing reports of prolonged visual adverse events, including optic neuritis and papilledema. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ].
The mechanism of action of the visual disturbance is unknown, although the site of action is most likely to be within the retina. In a study in healthy subjects investigating the effect of 28-day treatment with voriconazole on retinal function, voriconazole caused a decrease in the electroretinogram (ERG) waveform amplitude, a decrease in the visual field, and an alteration in color perception. The ERG measures electrical currents in the retina. The effects were noted early in administration of voriconazole and continued through the course of study drug dosing. Fourteen days after end of dosing, ERG, visual fields and color perception returned to normal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ].
Dermatological Reactions
Dermatological reactions were common in the patients treated with voriconazole. The mechanism underlying these dermatologic adverse events remains unknown.
Serious cutaneous reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiforme have been reported during treatment with VFEND. If a patient develops an exfoliative cutaneous reaction, VFEND should be discontinued.
In addition, VFEND has been associated with photosensitivity skin reactions. Patients should avoid strong, direct sunlight during VFEND therapy. In patients with photosensitivity skin reactions, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and melanoma have been reported during long-term therapy. If a patient develops a skin lesion consistent with squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma, VFEND should be discontinued [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ].
Less Common Adverse Events
The following adverse events occurred in < 2% of all voriconazole-treated patients in all therapeutic studies (N=1655). This listing includes events where a causal relationship to voriconazole cannot be ruled out or those which may help the physician in managing the risks to the patients. The list does not include events included in Table 5 above and does not include every event reported in the voriconazole clinical program.
Body as a Whole: abdominal pain, abdomen enlarged, allergic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ], ascites, asthenia, back pain, chest pain, cellulitis, edema, face edema, flank pain, flu syndrome, graft versus host reaction, granuloma, infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection, injection site pain, injection site infection/inflammation, mucous membrane disorder, multi-organ failure, pain, pelvic pain, peritonitis, sepsis, substernal chest pain
Cardiovascular: atrial arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, AV block complete, bigeminy, bradycardia, bundle branch block, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, deep thrombophlebitis, endocarditis, extrasystoles, heart arrest, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction, nodal arrhythmia, palpitation, phlebitis, postural hypotension, pulmonary embolus, QT interval prolonged, supraventricular extrasystoles, supraventricular tachycardia, syncope, thrombophlebitis, vasodilatation, ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia (including torsade de pointes) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ].
Digestive: anorexia, cheilitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, constipation, diarrhea, duodenal ulcer perforation, duodenitis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, dry mouth, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, flatulence, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, GGT/LDH elevated, gingivitis, glossitis, gum hemorrhage, gum hyperplasia, hematemesis, hepatic coma, hepatic failure, hepatitis, intestinal perforation, intestinal ulcer, jaundice, enlarged liver, melena, mouth ulceration, pancreatitis, parotid gland enlargement, periodontitis, proctitis, pseudomembranous colitis, rectal disorder, rectal hemorrhage, stomach ulcer, stomatitis, tongue edema
Endocrine: adrenal cortex insufficiency, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism
Hemic and Lymphatic: agranulocytosis, anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic, microcytic, normocytic), aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, bleeding time increased, cyanosis, DIC, ecchymosis, eosinophilia, hypervolemia, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis, marrow depression, pancytopenia, petechia, purpura, enlarged spleen, thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Metabolic and Nutritional: albuminuria, BUN increased, creatine phosphokinase increased, edema, glucose tolerance decreased, hypercalcemia, hypercholesteremia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypernatremia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, peripheral edema, uremia
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, arthritis, bone necrosis, bone pain, leg cramps, myalgia, myasthenia, myopathy, osteomalaci
Manufacturer
Roerig
Active Ingredients
Source
- U.S. National Library of Medicine
- DailyMed
- Last Updated: 21st of February 2012
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