Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency and iodine levels in enteral formulas.
Summary of "Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency and iodine levels in enteral formulas."
Background: A 4-year-old female patient was diagnosed with hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency. The patient's iodine levels in serum and urine were significantly low. The iodine concentration in the enteral formula was 1.6 µg/100 kcal as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The patient's iodine intake while receiving the enteral formula was calculated to be 16 µg/day, which is much lower than the recommended dietary reference intake of 80 µg for children aged 3 to 5 years. The purpose of this study was to assess iodine concentrations in 20 enteral nutritional formulas available in Japan in order to assess whether low iodine concentration is a characteristic of one specific formula or whether it is a more prevalent problem. Methods: Iodine concentrations in 20 popular nutritional formulas available in Japan, for which iodine content is not indicated in the ingredient list, were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results: Iodine concentrations were less than 5 µg/100 kcal and less than 10 µg/100 kcal in 13 and 18 enteral nutritional formulas, respectively. Conclusions: Most of the enteral nutritional formulas analyzed had low iodine concentrations. These findings suggest that iodine deficiency is a likely outcome in patients who receive these formulas for a prolonged period.
Affiliation
Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
ISSN: 1442-200X
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21077994
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03292.x
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.
Goiter, Endemic
A form of IODINE deficiency disorders characterized by an enlargement of the THYROID GLAND in a significantly large fraction of a POPULATION GROUP. Endemic goiter is common in mountainous and iodine-deficient areas of the world where the DIET contains insufficient amount of iodine.
Iodine Isotopes
Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.
Iodine Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.
Iodophors
Complexes of iodine and non-ionic SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for the iodine in water. Iodophors usually enhance bactericidal activity of iodine, reduce vapor pressure and odor, minimize staining, and allow wide dilution with water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
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