Nasal-air conditioning.
Summary of "Nasal-air conditioning."
INTRODUCTION:
We present a review of nasal-air conditioning, a process essential to undisturbed gas exchange and cleansing of the respiratory mucosa in the nose.
METHODS:
A selective literature review was made on the basis of in vivo measurements and computer simulation of the upper airways as well as the authors' own clinical and experimental data. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION:
Healthy subjects normally breathe through the nose, although the nasal airways have significantly higher airway resistance compared to the oral cavity, which is opened for breathing during exercise, in the case of nasal airway blockage, or in allergic rhinitis. In addition to olfaction, the main tasks of nasal breathing include: cleansing, defense, and conditioning (i.e., humidification and heating). The current knowledge of nasal conditioning processes will be discussed. In addition, research activities of particular relevance for diagnosis and intervention in various pathologies of the upper airways will be presented.
Affiliation
Abteilung für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen GmbH, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Elisabethinergasse 14, 8020, Graz, Österreich, tilman.keck@
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: HNO
ISSN: 1433-0458
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21161144
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2219-2
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Transplantation Conditioning
Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.
Nasal Lavage Fluid
Fluid obtained by irrigation or washout of the nasal cavity and NASAL MUCOSA. The resulting fluid is used in cytologic and immunologic assays of the nasal mucosa such as with the NASAL PROVOCATION TEST in the diagnosis of nasal hypersensitivity.
Nasal Cavity
The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.
Nasal Provocation Tests
Application of allergens to the nasal mucosa. Interpretation includes observation of nasal symptoms, rhinoscopy, and rhinomanometry. Nasal provocation tests are used in the diagnosis of nasal hypersensitivity, including RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.
Conditioning, Eyelid
Reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning.
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