In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Oxford, UK: a 10-year review.
Summary of "In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Oxford, UK: a 10-year review."
PurposeTo analyse the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their in vitroantibiotic susceptibilities over a 10-year period in Oxford, UK; and to compare the in vitroefficacy of ciprofloxacin with that of the combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime over the same period.MethodsAll culture-positive corneal scrapes received from the Oxford Eye Hospital between July 1999 and June 2009 were identified retrospectively using a local microbiology database. For analysis of trends over time, the data was split into two equal 5-year periods. Statistical analysis was done using the χ (2) and Fisher exact tests.ResultsOver the 10-year study period, 467 corneal scrapes were performed of which 252 (54.0%) had positive bacterial cultures, growing a total of 267 organisms. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococci(40.1%) followed by Pseudomonasspecies (28.5%), other Gram-negative species (17.2%), Streptococci(7.1%), and Corynebacteria(6.0%). Between the first and second time periods there was an increase in the number of coagulase-negative Staphylococciand an increased resistance of the non-Pseudomonas Gram-negative group to chloramphenicol. Of the 189 isolates tested for sensitivity to both empirical antibiotic regimens, 176 (93.2%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin whereas 188 (99.5%) were susceptible to either gentamicin or cefuroxime (P=0.0015).ConclusionsThe spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their in vitroantibiotic sensitivity patterns have generally remained stable over time. The combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime provides a broader spectrum of antimicrobial cover than ciprofloxacin monotherapy in Oxford, although both regimens continue to be appropriate choices for the initial management of this condition.Eye advance online publication, 21 January 2011; doi:10.1038/eye.2010.231.
Affiliation
Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Eye (London, England)
ISSN: 1476-5454
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252952
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.231
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Embryo Culture Techniques
The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS
Hyper-igm Immunodeficiency Syndrome
A rare inherited immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by normal or elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels with absence of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. It results in a profound susceptibility to BACTERIAL INFECTIONS and an increased susceptibility to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS. Several subtypes of hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome exist depending upon the location of genetic mutation.
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Keratitis, Herpetic
A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
Keratitis, Dendritic
A form of herpetic keratitis characterized by the formation of small vesicles which break down and coalesce to form recurring dendritic ulcers, characteristically irregular, linear, branching, and ending in knoblike extremities. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
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