Development of Chronic Cervical Cord Compression Model in Rat: Changes of the Neurological Behaviors, Radiological and Pathological Findings.
Summary of "Development of Chronic Cervical Cord Compression Model in Rat: Changes of the Neurological Behaviors, Radiological and Pathological Findings."
Cervical myelopathy is caused by chronic segmental compression of the spinal cord because of degenerative changes of the spine. However, the exact mechanisms of chronic cervical cord compression are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to validate a new animal model of chronic cervical compression capable of reproducing the clinical course without laminectomy using rats. A polyethylene line attached to a plastic plate was fastened with three turns around the vertebral body of C4 in one month-old rats. After surgery, the polyethylene line grows deeper into the dorsal wall of the spinal canal along with the growth of the spinal canal and vertebral body, producing a gradual compression of the spinal cord. The results show that cervical canal stenosis (CCS) model rats presented motor deficits and sensory disturbances 9 months after initiating CCS, however no clinical manifestation took place until 6 months. The intramedullary high-intensity area on T2-weighted images was observed in 70% of the CCS model rats at 12 months after initiating CCS. In the histological sections, the spinal cord was compressed along the whole circumference at 12 months after initiating CCS. The number of ventral neurons was decreased and the white matter apparently showed Wallerian degeneration. This model might reproduce characteristic features of clinical chronic cervical cord compression, including progressive motor and sensory disturbances after a latency and insidious neuronal loss; representing well the chronic compression of cervical spine cord in humans.
Affiliation
Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Fukui, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Eiheiji, Japan; kubotama@u-fukui.ac.jp.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of neurotrauma
ISSN: 1557-9042
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21294701
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1610
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Spinal Cord Compression
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
Cervical Plexus
A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four cervical spinal cord segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head, and motor fibers to muscles of the cervical spinal column, infrahyoid muscles, and the diaphragm.
Central Cord Syndrome
A syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic regions of the spinal cord characterized by weakness in the arms with relative sparing of the legs and variable sensory loss. This condition is associated with ischemia, hemorrhage, or necrosis involving the central portions of the spinal cord. Corticospinal fibers destined for the legs are spared due to their more external location in the spinal cord. This clinical pattern may emerge during recovery from spinal shock. Deficits may be transient or permanent.
Nuchal Cord
A complication of pregnancy in which the UMBILICAL CORD wraps around the fetal neck once or multiple times. In some cases, cord entanglement around fetal neck may not affect pregnancy outcome significantly. In others, the nuchal cord may lead to restricted fetal blood flow, oxygen transport, fetal development, fetal movement, and complicated delivery at birth.
Models, Statistical
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
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