Diagnosis of prostate cancer by detection of minichromosome maintenance 5 protein in urine sediments.
Summary of "Diagnosis of prostate cancer by detection of minichromosome maintenance 5 protein in urine sediments."
Background:The accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in prostate cancer detection is constrained by low sensitivity and specificity. Dysregulated expression of minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) 2-7 proteins is an early event in epithelial multistep carcinogenesis and thus MCM proteins represent powerful cancer diagnostic markers. In this study we investigate Mcm5 as a urinary biomarker for prostate cancer detection.Methods:Urine was obtained from 88 men with prostate cancer and from two control groups negative for malignancy. A strictly normal cohort included 28 men with complete, normal investigations, no urinary calculi and serum PSA <2 ng ml(-1). An expanded control cohort comprised 331 men with a benign final diagnosis, regardless of PSA level. Urine was collected before and after prostate massage in the cancer patient cohort. An immunofluorometric assay was used to measure Mcm5 levels in urine sediments.Results:The Mcm5 test detected prostate cancer with 82% sensitivity (confidence interval (CI)= 72-89%) and with a specificity ranging from 73 (CI=68-78%) to 93% (CI=76-99%). Prostate massage led to increased Mcm5 signals compared with pre-massage samples (median 3440 (interquartile range (IQR) 2280 to 5220) vs 2360 (IQR <1800 to 4360); P=0.009), and was associated with significantly increased diagnostic sensitivity (82 vs 60%; P=0.012).Conclusions:Urinary Mcm5 detection seems to be a simple, accurate and noninvasive method for identifying patients with prostate cancer. Large-scale prospective trials are now required to evaluate this test in diagnosis and screening.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 20 July 2010; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605785 www.bjcancer.com.
Affiliation
[1] Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK [2] Department of Urology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: British journal of cancer
ISSN: 1532-1827
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648010
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605785
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Prostate-specific Antigen
A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Substance Abuse Detection
Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.
Prostatic Secretory Proteins
Proteins secreted by the prostate gland. The major secretory proteins from the human prostate gland include PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and prostate-specific protein-94.
Cysteinyldopa
Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.
Fenretinide
A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
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