Patterns of sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure in the African Diaspora.
Summary of "Patterns of sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure in the African Diaspora."
Habitual levels of dietary sodium and potassium are correlated with age-related increases in blood pressure (BP) and likely have a role in this phenomenon. Although extensive published evidence exists from randomized trials, relatively few large-scale community surveys with multiple 24-h urine collections have been reported. We obtained three 24-h samples from 2704 individuals from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States to evaluate patterns of intake and within-person relationships with BP. The average (±s.d.) age and weight of the participants across all the three sites were 39.9±8.6 years and 76.1±21.2 kg, respectively, and 55% of the total participants were females. Sodium excretion increased across the East-West gradient (for example, 123.9±54.6, 134.1±48.8, 176.6±71.0 (±s.d.) mmol, Nigeria, Jamaica and US, respectively), whereas potassium was essentially unchanged (for example, 46.3±22.9, 40.7±16.1, 44.7±16.4 (±s.d.) mmol, respectively). In multivariate analyses both sodium (positively) and potassium (negatively) were strongly correlated with BP (P<0.001); quantitatively the association was stronger, and more consistent in each site individually, for potassium. The within-population day-to-day variation was also greater for sodium than for potassium. Among each population group, a significant correlation was observed between sodium and urine volume, supporting the prior finding of sodium as a determinant of fluid intake in free-living individuals. These data confirm the consistency with the possible role of dietary electrolytes as hypertension risk factors, reinforcing the relevance of potassium in these populations.Journal of Human Hypertension advance online publication, 19 May 2011; doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.39.
Affiliation
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of human hypertension
ISSN: 1476-5527
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593783
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2011.39
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Mefruside
A benzene-sulfonamide-furan. It is used as a diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the KIDNEY, increases SODIUM CHLORIDE excretion, but may not spare POTASSIUM. It inhibits CARBONIC ANHYDRASES and may increase the blood URIC ACID level.
Sodium-potassium-exchanging Atpase
An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.
Hyperaldosteronism
A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
Epithelial Sodium Channel
An AMILORIDE-sensitive sodium channel found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON, the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. It plays a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE.
PubMed Articles
To evaluate the effect of breathing awareness meditation (BAM), Botvin LifeSkills Training (LST), and health education control (HEC) on ambulatory blood pressure and sodium excretion in African Americ...
We examined the genetic association between blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention and to cold pressor test (CPT) in a large family-based dietary feeding study. The...
BACKGROUND: Various studies have shown that sodium intake is related to increased blood pressure. However, the relationship between sodium intake and cognitive function and depression has not previous...
TNFR1 deficient mice display altered blood pressure and renal responses to Ang II infusion.
The hypothesis that TNF receptor 1 deficient (TNFR1(-/-)) mice display blood pressure and renal functional responses that differ from wild type (WT) mice was tested in an angiotensin II (Ang II)-depen...
The role of the kidney in regulating arterial blood pressure.
The kidney plays a central role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. A large body of experimental and physiological evidence indicates that renal control of extracellular volume and renal per...
Clinical Trials
Blood Pressure and Diurnal Variation in Sodium, Potassium, and Water Excretion
To determine if hypertensives and normotensives of similar ages had, on average, different ratios of 24-hour to overnight excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. Also, to determine the...
High blood pressure is a serious health problem. In terms of diet recommendations, people with this condition are encouraged to eat a low sodium and high potassium diet. It is believed tha...
Potassium-Magnesium Citrate as a Blood Pressure Lowering Agent in Hypertensive Patients
The goal of this study is to compare the effects of Potassium Magnesium Citrate to Potassium Chloride on blood pressure among patients with pre-hypertension or mild hypertension. We will a...
Potassium and Sodium to Control Blood Pressure in Hypertensives
To examine the role of dietary sodium reduction with and without potassium supplementation in controlling blood pressure in hypertensive men.
Sodium-Potassium Blood Pressure Trial in Children
To examine the effects of nutritional intervention on the rate of rise of blood pressure in late childhood and early adolescence.
