Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD.
Summary of "Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD."
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a genetically as well as environmentally determined disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. In this study, non-genetic biological and psychosocial risk factors for ADHD symptom severity and comorbid disorders were assessed in 275 children with ADHD, aged 5-13 years, mean age 9.7 (SD 1.9). Pre-/perinatal biological and lifetime psychosocial risk factors as well as data on parental ADHD were obtained. A different pattern of risk factors emerged for inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms. Inattentive symptoms were strongly influenced by psychosocial risk factors, whereas for hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, predominantly biological risk factors emerged. Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms also were a strong risk factor for comorbid oppositional defiant (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). Smoking during pregnancy was a risk factor for comorbid CD but not ODD and further differential risk factors were observed for ODD and CD. Comorbid anxiety disorder (AnxD) was not related to ADHD symptoms and additional biological and psychosocial risk factors were observed. This study adds to the body of evidence that non-genetic biological and psychosocial risk factors have an impact on ADHD symptom severity and differentially influence comorbid disorders in ADHD. The findings are relevant to the prevention and treatment of ADHD with or without comorbid disorders.
Affiliation
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, c.freitag@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
ISSN: 1435-1463
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21626412
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-011-0659-9
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Biological Factors
Endogenously-synthesized compounds that may influence biological phenomena or represent quantifiable biomarkers. Biological factors are a variety of extracellular substances that are not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
Environmental Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Environmental Remediation
Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents.
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