The use of atomic spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry for the determination of trace elements in pharmaceuticals.
Summary of "The use of atomic spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry for the determination of trace elements in pharmaceuticals."
The subject of the analysis of various elements, including metals and metalloids, in the pharmaceutical industry has seen increasing importance in the last 10-15 years, as modern analytical instrumentation has afforded analysts with the opportunity to provide element-specific, accurate and meaningful information related to pharmaceutical products. Armed with toxicological data, compendial and regulatory agencies have revisited traditional approaches to the testing of pharmaceuticals for metals and metalloids, and analysts have begun to employ the techniques of atomic spectroscopy, such as flame- and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS, Flame AA or FAA and GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), to meet their analytical needs. Newer techniques, such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser Ablation ICP-MS (LAICP-MS) are also beginning to see wider applications in the analysis of elements in the pharmaceutical industry.This article will provide a perspective regarding the various applications of atomic spectroscopy in the analysis of metals and metalloids in drug products, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's), raw materials and intermediates. The application of atomic spectroscopy in the analysis of metals and metalloids in clinical samples, nutraceutical, metabolism and pharmacokinetic samples will not be addressed in this work.
Affiliation
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. Nancy.Lewen@bms.com
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
ISSN: 1873-264X
Pages: 653-61
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159460
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.030
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Tin
A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.
Copper
A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
Nickel
A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Spectrophotometric techniques in which the samples are examined in the form of atoms based on their unique energy levels for ELECTRONS. They are used to analyze TRACE ELEMENTS, such as ALUMINUM; ARSENIC; BERYLLIUM; CALCIUM; COPPER; IRON; LEAD; and LITHIUM.
Cobalt
A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
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