The use of permeation tube device and the development of empirical formula for accurate permeation rate.
Summary of "The use of permeation tube device and the development of empirical formula for accurate permeation rate."
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of permeation tube (PT) devices using a calibration gas generator system to measure permeation rate (PR) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Calibration gas standards of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene (BTX) were produced from PTs at varying flow rates (FR) of 20-1200mLmin(-1) and constant temperature (30°C). Results indicate that changes in flow rate greatly affected the permeation rate of each VOC at this temperature. This paper presents experimental approaches to accurately measure actual permeation rate (APR) and the derivation of empirical equations for predicted permeation rate (PPR). If the magnitude of bias is defined as the difference between PPR and the manufacturer's permeation rate (MPR), the bias was typically 19-40% for toluene (T) and 31-54% for m-xylene (X). Benzene (B) exhibited the least bias of 1.4-18.8%, nevertheless our PPR values for benzene were more reliable at lower flow rates (0.75-1.20%). This study highlights the importance of flow rate and associated pressure changes as a key to accurate permeation rate estimation from permeation tube devices.
Affiliation
Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, 98 Goon Ja Dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of chromatography. A
ISSN: 1873-3778
Pages: 9328-35
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129573
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.007
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Cornea
The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Toxaphene
A very complex, but reproducible mixture of at least 177 C10 polychloro derivatives, having an approximate overall empirical formula of C10-H10-Cl8. It is used as an insecticide and may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Suction
The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure.
Safety-based Medical Device Withdrawals
Removal of a MEDICAL DEVICE from the market due to the identification of an intrinsic property of the device that results in a serious risk to public health.
Neural Crest
The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.
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