Default mode network dysfunction in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Summary of "Default mode network dysfunction in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure."
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is known to cause significant cognitive and attentional dysfunction. Given the relationship between default mode network (DMN) activity and task-related attentional modulation, it is possible that PAE affects activity of this network. In the present study, task-related deactivation as well as structural and resting state functional connectivity of the DMN were examined using diffusional tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging in non-dysmorphic and dysmorphic PAE populations and compared to healthy controls. The dysmorphic PAE group was found to have reduced DMN deactivation as compared to controls, indicating poorer attentional modulation during the cognitive task. Additionally, structural connectivity and baseline functional connectivity were lower in both PAE groups as compared to controls. Primarily the findings suggest that learning problems seen with PAE may be a combination of general attentional and specific cognitive deficits. A secondary implication is that DMN activity is affected to varying extents depending on the degree of PAE.
Affiliation
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Psychiatry research
ISSN: 0165-1781
Pages: 354-62
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079659
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.05.004
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Prenatal Care
Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
A condition characterized by a broad range of progressive disorders ranging from TENOSYNOVITIS to tendon rupture with or without hindfoot collapse to a fixed, rigid, FLATFOOT deformity. Pathologic changes can involve associated tendons, ligaments, joint structures of the ANKLE, hindfoot, and midfoot. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults.
Alcohol Deterrents
Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.
Phospholipid Ethers
Phospholipids which have an alcohol moiety in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol. They are usually derivatives of phosphoglycerols or phosphatidates. The other two alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone are usually in ester linkage. These compounds are widely distributed in animal tissues.
PubMed Articles
Dissociating Anticipation from perception: Acute pain activates default mode network.
Few studies have explored the effect of acute pain on attentional networks and on the default mode network. Moreover, these studies convey conflicting results, seemingly caused by design. To reassess...
Default mode network connectivity in stable vs progressive mild cognitive impairment.
Dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN) has been identified in prior cross-sectional fMRI studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI); however, no studies have examined...
Disruptions of functional connectivity in the default mode network of comatose patients.
To evaluate the possible role of the default mode network (DMN) in consciousness and assess the diagnostic or prognostic potential of DMN connectivity measures in the assessment of a patient group lac...
The "default mode", or baseline of brain function is a topic of great interest in schizophrenia research. Recent neuroimaging studies report that the symptoms of chronic schizophrenia subjects are ass...
Age-related changes in the default mode network are more advanced in Alzheimer disease.
To investigate age-related default mode network (DMN) connectivity in a large cognitively normal elderly cohort and in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) compared with age-, gender-, and education-m...
Clinical Trials
Network Support for Treatment of Alcohol Dependence
Relapse is the most serious problem in alcoholism treatment. The overall aim of the present study was to determine if a treatment directed at changing the patient's social network, from on...
Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
The purpose of this study is to determine if choline bitartrate can be administered daily to children with prenatal alcohol exposure, ages 2.5 to 4.5, as a potential treatment for brain de...
Network Support for Alcohol Treatment 2
The Network Support project is part of an ongoing effort to improve treatment for alcohol dependent patients. The Network Support Project is designed to help patients change their social n...
Tobacco Cessation Field Study for Adults in Recovery - 1
The project's aim is to provide a targeted, computer-administered intervention to facilitate tobacco cessation for clients in alcohol treatment. The main focus of "On the Air: A tobacco ce...
The purpose of this study is primarily to evaluate whether taking avanafil with alcohol causes the blood pressure to fall.
