Mitral valve prolapse.
Summary of "Mitral valve prolapse."
Mitral valve prolapse is defined as abnormal bulging of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Mitral valve prolapse is a common condition that is a risk factor for mitral regurgitation, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and endocarditis. Myxomatous degeneration is the most common cause of mitral prolapse in the United States and Europe, and progression of myxomatous mitral prolapse is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation that requires surgical treatment. Myxomatous degeneration appears to have genetic etiology. The genetics of myxomatous degeneration is complex and not fully worked out; it appears to be heterogeneous with multi-gene, multi-chromosomal autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance. The molecular disorder of myxomatous degeneration appears to consist of a connective tissue disorder with altered extracellular matrix status and involves the action of matrix metalloproteinase, cysteine endoproteases, and tenomodulin. Treatment of mitral prolapse with regurgitation is complex, and the technological advances that are currently in development will be challenging and controversial.
Affiliation
Department of Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140; email: sloane.guy@tuhs.temple.edu.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Annual review of medicine
ISSN: 1545-326X
Pages: 277-92
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22248324
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-022811-091602
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into left atrium leading to MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS; or CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA.
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty
A type of heart valve surgery that involves the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of the annulus of the MITRAL VALVE. It includes shortening the circumference of the annulus to improve valve closing capacity and reinforcing the annulus as a step in more complex valve repairs.
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.
Tricuspid Valve Prolapse
Abnormal protrusion of one or more of the leaflets of TRICUSPID VALVE into the RIGHT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into right atrium leading to TRICUSPID VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS. Its most common cause is not primary valve abnormality but rather the dilation of the RIGHT VENTRICLE and the tricuspid annulus.
PubMed Articles
Mitral valve prolapse and anxiety disorders.
We investigated whether there is an association between anxiety disorders and mitral valve prolapse. We compared mitral valve prolapse prevalence in individuals with panic disorder (n = 41), social an...
Predictors of outcome of mitral valve prolapse in patients with the marfan syndrome.
Mitral valve prolapse has a prevalence of 2% to 3% in the general population, with adverse outcomes such as mitral valve regurgitation (MVR), heart failure, and endocarditis. Predictors of outcomes ar...
Current concepts in mitral valve prolapse-Diagnosis and management.
Although mitral valve prolapse as a disease entity has been recognized for over 50 years, its precise definition has been elusive. Initial reports based the diagnosis on auscultatory findings (late sy...
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Endocarditis Complicated by Mitral Valve Aneurysm.
Abstract We describe a case of mitral valve aneurysm associated with concomitant aortic valve endocarditis. Aneurysms appear as a localized saccular bulge of the anterior leaflet into the left atri...
Diverticulum of the mitral valve, a rare cause of mitral regurgitation.
Non-infective mitral valve diverticulum is extremely rare. We present a case of intraoperatively diagnosed mitral valve diverticulum of a 69-year-old man presenting with mitral regurgitation who was s...
Clinical Trials
People with coronary artery disease (CAD) or people who have had a heart attack may develop a leak in the mitral valve of their heart and may therefore need to undergo surgery to fix the v...
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) - France Study
This prospective nation-wide (France) study aims to search for susceptibility genes in MVP using a genome wide analysis and comparing results obtained in 1000 patients with MVP and 1000 n...
Feasibility Study of a Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair System.
Prospective, multi-center, Phase I study of the Evalve Cardiovascular Valve Repair System (CVRS) in the treatment of mitral valve regurgitation. Patients will undergo 30-day, 6 month, 12...
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Metoprolol in Participants With Mitral Regurgitation.
Mitral valve regurgitation (leakage of the mitral valve of the heart) is frequent and currently there is no specific medical therapy. Mitral regurgitation is a slowly progressive disease...
The aim of the study is to evaluate hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in patients with secondary mitral insufficiency and CHF. 1. Identification of hemodynamic parameters as...
