Absorption of different oral dosage forms of oxycodone in the elderly: a cross-over clinical trial in patients undergoing cystoscopy.
Summary of "Absorption of different oral dosage forms of oxycodone in the elderly: a cross-over clinical trial in patients undergoing cystoscopy."
PURPOSE:
To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oxycodone following intravenous injection and administration of three oral dosage forms (solution, capsule, and controlled-release tablet) in elderly patients (age 76-89 years) undergoing cystoscopy.
METHODS:
This was an open, randomized study with two sequences and two visits in 15 elderly patients. The patients were given intravenous injection (over 10 min) of 5 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride trihydrate. Oxycodone hydrochloride (5 mg in all forms) was orally administered as a solution, a capsule, and a controlled-release tablet. Venous blood samples were collected up to 17 h after oxycodone administration. Population PK parameters were calculated with NONMEM VI 2.0. For intravenous injection we calculated clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, and the half-life of elimination, and for oral dosage forms also the absolute bioavailability.
RESULTS:
Clearance of the intravenous injections was 28.9 L/h; the volume of distribution at steady state and the half-life of elimination were 186 L and 5.2 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of oxycodone was 59 % from oral solutions, 64 % from capsules, and 55 % from controlled-release tablets.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that, in the elderly, the bioavailability of the three different oral dosage forms of oxycodone is fairly similar.
Affiliation
Department of Anesthesia and Operative Services, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: European journal of clinical pharmacology
ISSN: 1432-1041
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22451244
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1267-9
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Suppositories
Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.
Dosage Forms
Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect. They include CAPSULES; LINIMENTS; OINTMENTS; PHARMACEUTICAL SOLUTIONS; POWDERS; TABLETS; etc.
Pharmacokinetics
Dynamic and kinetic mechanisms of exogenous chemical and drug ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; elimination; and TOXICOLOGY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. It includes toxicokinetics, the pharmacokinetic mechanism of the toxic effects of a substance. ADME and ADMET are short-hand abbreviations for absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicology.
Gene Dosage
The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
Genetic mechanisms that allow GENES to be expressed at a similar level irrespective of their GENE DOSAGE. This term is usually used in discussing genes that lie on the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Because the sex chromosomes are only partially homologous, there is a different copy number, i.e., dosage, of these genes in males vs. females. In DROSOPHILA, dosage compensation is accomplished by hypertranscription of genes located on the X CHROMOSOME. In mammals, dosage compensation of X chromosome genes is accomplished by random X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION of one of the two X chromosomes in the female.
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