Superfamily 2 helicases.
Summary of "Superfamily 2 helicases."
Superfamily 2 helicases are involved in all aspects of RNA metabolism, and many steps in DNA metabolism. This review focuses on the basic mechanistic, structural and biological properties of each of the families of helicases within superfamily 2. There are ten separate families of helicases within superfamily 2, each playing specific roles in nucleic acid metabolism. The mechanisms of action are diverse, as well as the effect on the nucleic acid. Some families translocate on single-stranded nucleic acid and unwind duplexes, some unwind double-stranded nucleic acids without translocation, and some translocate on double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids without unwinding.
Affiliation
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library
ISSN: 1093-4715
Pages: 2070-88
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22652765
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Dnab Helicases
A family of DNA helicases that participate in DNA REPLICATION. They assemble into hexameric rings with a central channel and unwind DNA processively in the 5' to 3' direction. DnaB helicases are considered the primary replicative helicases for most prokaryotic organisms.
Recq Helicases
A family of structurally-related DNA helicases that play an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. RecQ helicases were originally discovered in E COLI and are highly conserved across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genetic mutations that result in loss of RecQ helicase activity gives rise to disorders that are associated with CANCER predisposition and premature aging.
Dead-box Rna Helicases
A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function.
Dna Helicases
Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate of DNA strands.
Rna Helicases
A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation. EC 2.7.7.-.
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