Analysis of systemic and airway inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea.
Summary of "Analysis of systemic and airway inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea."
PURPOSE:
The presence of both systemic and airway inflammation has been suggested in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the circulation and respiratory specimens. We aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic and airway inflammation in OSA.
METHODS:
This study was conducted by simultaneously measuring various biomarkers both in serum and induced sputum of 43 patients. We compared the relationships of these biomarker levels with polysomnographic data and obesity measurements and also investigated their interrelationships between systemic and local compartments. We also assessed the relation of inflammatory markers with proximal airway resistance measured by impulse oscillometry.
RESULTS:
In multiple regression analyses, each measured serum biomarker [leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] significantly correlated with waist circumference or fat area determined by computed tomography. In contrast, regarding airway inflammation, sputum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and VEGF significantly correlated with OSA severity as indicated by the respiratory disturbance index or oxygen desaturation indices. Sputum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly related to sputum neutrophil number, and sputum IL-8 and TNF-α were related to proximal airway resistance independently of body mass index. There were no significant interrelationships between the same biomarkers in serum and induced sputum.
CONCLUSIONS:
Systemic and airway inflammation in OSA might be differently regulated by OSA itself and comorbid obesity, depending on the type of cytokine. Although we did not find apparent interrelationships between systemic and local compartments, further studies are needed to clarify this concept.
Affiliation
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
ISSN: 1522-1709
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674397
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11325-012-0726-y
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Sleep Apnea, Central
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration. This condition may be idiopathic (primary) or associated with lower brain stem lesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE); HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; medication effect; and other conditions. Sleep maintenance is impaired, resulting in daytime hypersomnolence. Primary central sleep apnea is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnea. When both forms are present the condition is referred to as mixed sleep apnea (see SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395; Neurol Clin 1996;14(3):611-28)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)
Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep-related medical disorder (e.g., sleep apnea, post-traumatic sleep disorders, etc.). (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately.
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