Prophylactic treatment with Toll-like receptor ligands enhances host immunity to avian influenza virus in chickens.
Summary of "Prophylactic treatment with Toll-like receptor ligands enhances host immunity to avian influenza virus in chickens."
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) pose a threat towards the health of both poultry and humans. To interrupt the transmission of the virus, novel prophylactic strategies must be considered which may reduce the shedding of AIV. One potential is the prophylactic use of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Many cells of the immune system express TLRs, and cellular responses to TLR stimulation include activation and the production of cytokines. TLR ligands have been employed as prophylactic treatments to enhance host resistance to pathogens both in mammals and chickens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine whether TLR ligands may be used prophylactically in chickens to enhance host immunity to AIV. Chickens received intramuscular injections of either low or high doses of the TLR ligands poly
I:
C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG ODN. Twenty-four hours post-treatment, chickens were infected with the low pathogenic avian influenza virus H4N6, and both oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding were assessed on days 4 and 7 post-infection. To identify potential correlates of immunity, spleen and lungs were collected on days 2, 4 and 7 post-infection for RNA extraction. The results suggested that all of the TLR ligand treatments induced a significant reduction in virus shedding, with the TLR3 ligand poly
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C conferring the greatest AIV immunity compared to control birds, followed by CpG ODN and LPS. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis of gene expression in the spleen and lungs suggest IFN-α and IL-8 as correlates of immunity conferred by poly
I:
C, and IFN-γ for CpG ODN and LPS. In conclusion, TLR ligands, have the ability to enhance host immunity against AIV, and future studies should consider exploring the combinatory effects of poly
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C and CpG ODN prophylaxis in conjunction with AIV vaccination.
Affiliation
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
Pages: 4524-31
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22531557
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.033
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Toll-like Receptor 2
A pattern recognition receptor that forms heterodimers with other TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS. It interacts with multiple ligands including PEPTIDOGLYCAN, bacterial LIPOPROTEINS, lipoarabinomannan, and a variety of PORINS.
Toll-like Receptor 6
A pattern recognition receptor that forms heterodimers with TLR2 RECEPTOR. The complex interacts with a variety of ligands including LIPOPROTEINS from MYCOPLASMA.
Toll-like Receptor 1
A pattern recognition receptor that forms heterodimers with TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2.
Toll-like Receptors
A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.
Toll-like Receptor 10
A pattern recognition receptor that is expressed in LUNG and in B-LYMPHOCYTES.
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