New insights into the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity in the phagosome: a focus on the role of lipid and Ca2+ signaling.
Summary of "New insights into the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity in the phagosome: a focus on the role of lipid and Ca2+ signaling."
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the phagosomal NADPH oxidase of neutrophils, have a significant physiological role during normal defense. Their role is to kill invading pathogens, but also to act as modulators of global physiological functions of phagosomes. Given the importance of NADPH oxidase in the immune system, its activity has to be decisively controlled by distinctive mechanisms to ensure appropriate regulation at the phagosome. We describe here signal transduction pathways regulating phagosomal NADPH oxidase in neutrophils, with an emphasis on the role of lipid metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The potential involvement of Ca2+-binding S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, known to interact with the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, is also considered. Recent technical progress in advanced live imaging microscopy will permit focusing more accurately on phagosomal rather than plasma membrane NADPH oxidase regulation during neutrophil phagocytosis.
Affiliation
University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, Campus Limpertsberg , 162a, Avenue de la Faïencerie, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, L-1511, (00 352) 46 66 44 6434, (00 352) 46 66 44 6435; sabrina.brechard
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Antioxidants & redox signaling
ISSN: 1557-7716
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22867131
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.4773
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Nadph Oxidase
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.
Sulfite Reductase (nadph)
A NADPH-dependent oxidase that reduces hydrogen sulfite to HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is found in many microoganisms.
Neutrophil Activation
The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.
Respiratory Burst
A large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils and most types of tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide. Individuals with an inherited defect in which the oxidase that reduces oxygen to superoxide is decreased or absent (GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC) often die as a result of recurrent bacterial infections.
Proline Oxidase
The first enzyme of the proline degradative pathway. It catalyzes the oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid in the presence of oxygen and water. The action is not reversible. The specific activity of proline oxidase increases with age. EC 1.5.3.-.
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