Emollient Molecule Effects on the Drying Stresses in Human Stratum Corneum.
Summary of "Emollient Molecule Effects on the Drying Stresses in Human Stratum Corneum."
SUMMARY Background: Emollient molecules are widely used in skin care formulations to improve skin sensory properties and to alleviate dry skin but little is understood regarding their effects on skin biomechanical properties. Objectives: To investigate the effects of emollient molecules on drying stresses in human stratum corneum (SC) and how these stresses are related to SC components and moisture content. Methods: The substrate curvature method was used to measure the drying stresses in isolated SC following exposure to selected emollient molecules. While SC stresses measured using this method have the same biaxial in vivo stress-state and moisture exchange with the environment, a limitation of the method is that moisture cannot be replenished by the underlying skin layers. This provides an opportunity to study the direct effects of emollient treatments on the moisture content and the components of the SC. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to determine the effects of emollient molecules on SC lipid extraction and conformation. Results: Emollient molecules result in a complex SC drying stress profile where stresses increased rapidly to peak values and then gradually decrease to significantly lower values compared to control. The partially occlusive treatments also penetrate into the SC where they caused extraction and changes in lipid conformation. These effects together with their effects on SC moisture content are used to rationalize the drying stress profiles. Conclusions: Emollient molecules have dramatic effects on SC drying stresses that is related to their effects on intercellular lipids and SC moisture content.
Affiliation
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: The British journal of dermatology
ISSN: 1365-2133
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633012
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09937.x
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Epidermis
The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).
Parakeratosis
Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Keratoderma, Palmoplantar
Group of mostly hereditary disorders characterized by thickening of the palms and soles as a result of excessive keratin formation leading to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis).
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.
Keratin-10
A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-1 in terminally differentiated epidermal cells such as those that form the stratum corneum. Mutations in the genes that encode keratin-10 have been associated with HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC.
PubMed Articles
The stratum corneum of epidermis is an essential barrier against the external environment and water loss. This study aimed to develop an organotypic culture model that targets the reconstruction of th...
Transdermal Delivery of Molecules is Limited by Full Epidermis, Not Just Stratum Corneum.
PURPOSE: Most methods to increase transdermal drug delivery focus on increasing stratum corneum permeability, without addressing the need to increase permeability of viable epidermis. Here, we assess...
Effect of Aqueous Cream BP on Human Stratum Corneum In Vivo.
Summary Background - Aqueous Cream BP is widely prescribed to eczema patients to relieve skin dryness. The formulation contains sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) - a chemical that is a known skin irritant...
Eucalyptus increases ceramide levels in keratinocytes and improves stratum corneum function.
The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum fun...
Optimization of microdermabrasion for controlled removal of stratum corneum.
Microdermabrasion has been shown to increase skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery by damaging or removing skin's outer layer, stratum corneum. However, relationships between microdermabrasi...
Clinical Trials
Transcriptomic Study of ER 4017 Topical Application in Elderly Subject
The stratum corneum (SC) is the superficial layer of the epidermis situated at the interface between the body and its outside environment. Its strategic position confers it a crucial role...
Effect of Moisturising Creams on Skin Moisture in Atopic Dermatitis
The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of three moisturising creams on Stratum corneum (SC) hydratation and barrier function.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether early use of a bland emollient in newborns, prior to the clinical signs of skin disease, will delay the onset or prevent the development o...
Adapalene Gel 0.3% Versus Tretinoin Cream 0.05% for Treatment of Photodamage
The primary purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of adapalene (Differin®) gel 0.3% and tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream for the treatment of signs of photodamage, with tolerabi...
- To evaluate the palliative effects of a moisturising emollient, in patients with uremic xerosis of moderate, severe or very severe intensity, associated or not to uremic pruri...
