Mixture effects of dietary flavonoids on steroid hormone synthesis in the human adrenocortical H295R cell line.
Summary of "Mixture effects of dietary flavonoids on steroid hormone synthesis in the human adrenocortical H295R cell line."
Humans are exposed to a mixture of dietary flavonoids with a variety of potential beneficial and harmful effects. Flavonoids are endocrine disruptors, acting both at receptor level and by interfering with steroid hormone synthesis. Due to a high dietary intake and the potential to cause mixture effects, assessment of combined exposure of flavonoids is required. We have studied effects on cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone and oestradiol secretion of the individual isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavone apigenin and the mixture of the three flavonoids in human adrenocortical H295R cells. The most vulnerable targets of the flavonoids were the secretion of cortisol and testosterone, which were inhibited by daidzein and genistein with IC(50) values below 1 muM. An equimolar mixture of the flavonoids caused inhibition of cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone secretion in an additive manner. The observed mixture effect was described well by both concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) prediction models. Both prediction models underestimated the effect on oestradiol secretion. We conclude that the three flavonoids exhibit specific effects on steroid hormone secretion. A mixture of the flavonoids caused additive effects emphasizing the need to assess flavonoids together as a group. The prediction models are valuable tools for mixture assessment.
Affiliation
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Box 7028 SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
ISSN: 1873-6351
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20732377
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.021
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Receptors, Steroid
Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.
Ethisterone
17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.
Pregnenolone
A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. The most common defect is in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. Other defects occur in STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; or 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).
Human Growth Hormone
A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.
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