Long-term hormonal promotion overcomes genetic resistance to mammary cancer.
Summary of "Long-term hormonal promotion overcomes genetic resistance to mammary cancer."
It is well known that ovarian steroids estradiol and progesterone play a vital role in the development of mammary cancer. Here, using the genetically highly resistant Copenhagen rats we demonstrate that sustained exogenous treatment with estradiol and progesterone overcomes genetic resistance to mammary cancer. It has been demonstrated that Copenhagen rats develop preneoplastic lesions upon exposure to carcinogens. However, these preneoplastic lesions fail to progress to ductal carcinomas in situ or overt mammary carcinomas. The preneoplastic lesions eventually decrease in number and are absent by 60 days post carcinogen treatment. In the present study, we exposed 7 week old female Copenhagen rats to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU; 50mg/kg BW). Immediately after MNU treatment the rats were divided into the following groups: 1) Control; 2) 30mg estradiol 17beta; 3) 30mg progesterone; and 4) 30mg estradiol 17beta plus 30mg progesterone. All hormone treatments were administered via individual silastic pellets for a period of 9 months post carcinogen treatment. The control animals displayed a low incidence of mammary cancer (10%). Hormone treatments produced significantly higher incidences of mammary cancer, with estradiol at 50%, progesterone at 65% and estradiol plus progesterone at 90%. Hormone treatment sustained the growth of the lesions induced by MNU by increasing expression of Areg, Bcl-2, Ccnd-1 and Vegf genes, while decreasing expression of Bad, Bax, Casp 3, 8, 9 and p53 genes. Furthermore, hormone treatment increased CCND-1 and PARP proteins levels. The data clearly demonstrates that hormonal environment supports mammary cancer progression by increasing cell proliferation, and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
Affiliation
Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Steroids
ISSN: 1878-5867
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20732338
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2010.08.004
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