Diaphragm muscle shortening modulates kinematics of lower rib cage in dogs.
Summary of "Diaphragm muscle shortening modulates kinematics of lower rib cage in dogs."
We tested the hypothesis that diaphragm muscle shortening modulates volume displacement and kinematics of the lower rib cage in dogs, and that posture and mode of ventilation affect such modulation. Radiopaque markers were surgically attached to the lower three ribs of the ribcage and to the mid-costal region of the diaphragm in six dogs of ~8 kg, and the locations of these markers were determined by biplane fluoroscopy system. Three-dimensional software modeling techniques were used to compute volume displacement and surface area of the mid-costal diaphragm and the lower three ribs during quiet spontaneous breathing, mechanical ventilation, and bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation at different lung volumes spanning the vital capacity. Volume displaced by the diaphragm relative to that displaced by the lower ribs is disproportionately greater under mechanical ventilation than during spontaneous breathing in the supine position (P<0.05). At maximal stimulation, diaphragm volume displacement grows disproportionately larger than rib volume displacement as lung volume increases (P<0.05). Surface area of both the diaphragm and the lower ribs during maximal stimulation of the diaphragm is reduced compared to that at spontaneous breathing (P<0.05). In the prone posture, mechanical ventilation results in a smaller change in diaphragm surface area than spontaneous breathing (P<0.05). Our data demonstrate that during inspiration the lower rib cage move not only through the pump- and bucket-handle motion, but also rotate around the spine. Taken together, these data support the observation that the kinematics of the lower rib cage and its mechanical interaction with the diaphragm are more complex than previously known.
Affiliation
1Rice University.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
ISSN: 1522-1490
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739605
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2010
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Diaphragmatic Eventration
A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG.
Tenotomy
Surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity that is caused by congenital or acquired shortening of a muscle (Stedman, 27th ed). Tenotomy is performed in order to lengthen a muscle that has developed improperly, or become shortened and is resistant to stretching.
Muscle Fibers, Slow-twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.
Muscle Fibers, Fast-twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.
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