Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Differ with Age, Sex, and Ethnicity.
Summary of "Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Differ with Age, Sex, and Ethnicity."
Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that are selectively taken up into the macula of the eye, where they may protect against development of age-related macular degeneration. Accurate assessment of their intakes is important in the understanding of their individual roles in eye health. Current dietary databases lack the appropriate information to ascertain valid dietary intakes of these individual nutrients. The purpose of this research is to determine intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin separately in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. The top major food sources for lutein and zeaxanthin intake in NHANES 2003-2004 were analyzed for lutein and zeaxanthin by high-performance liquid chromatography from June to August 2006. Results were applied to dietary data from 8,525 participants in NHANES 2003-2004. Lutein and zeaxanthin food contents were separated into lutein and zeaxanthin in the nutrient database. Mean intakes from two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls were grouped into food groups based on nutrient composition; these were matched to the new database, and lutein and zeaxanthin intakes were calculated separately. Among all age groups, both sexes, and all ethnicities, intakes of lutein were greater than of zeaxanthin. Relative intake of zeaxanthin to lutein decreased with age, with zeaxanthin to lutein ratios lower in females. Zeaxanthin to lutein ratios in Mexican Americans was considerably greater than other ethnicities (other Hispanics, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, other races). Lower zeaxanthin to lutein ratios were measured in groups at risk for age-related macular degeneration (eg, older participants, females). Our findings suggest that the relative intake of lutein and zeaxanthin may be important to age-related macular degeneration risk. Future studies are needed to assess the individual associations of lutein and zeaxanthin in eye health.
Affiliation
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
ISSN: 1878-3570
Pages: 1357-1362
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20800129
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.009
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Lutein
A carotenoid alcohol widespread in nature. It is present in egg yolk, algae, and petals of yellow flowers, among other sources.
Diet Therapy
By adjusting the quantity and quality of food intake to improve health status of an individual. This term does not include the methods of food intake (NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT).
Protein-energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.
Postprandial Period
The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.
Energy Intake
Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.
PubMed Articles
Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of lutein and zeaxanthin esters in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.).
Saponification of lutein and zeaxanthin was performed by microwave-assisted hydrolysis (MAH) and analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. The optimal condition of MAH was studied, and the...
Lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to decrease the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-an...
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cataractogenesis. Previous studies have shown that long-term dietary intake of antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) may decrease the risk of age-related cat...
Determination of lutein and zeaxanthin in serum by high performance liquid chromatography.
To establish a simultaneous determination method for measuring lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene in serum by internal standard on C(30)-HPLC.
Effect of type of TAG fatty acids on lutein and zeaxanthin bioavailability.
The xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin probably play a role in visual function and may participate in the prevention of age-related eye diseases. Although a minimum amount of TAG is required for an op...
Clinical Trials
The Zeaxanthin and Visual Function Study
To evaluate if supplementation of zeaxanthin (with or without Lutein) is beneficial to patients with early and moderate AMD.
Effects of Antioxidants on Human Macular Pigments
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Low dietary intake or low blood levels of lutein and zeaxanthin, which are the only pigments...
The primary objective of LUTEGA is it to determine the long term effect (about 1 year) of the supplementation with a fixed combination of lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3- fatty acids on the...
The Effect of Eggs and Egg Products on Macular Pigment
Age-related macula degeneration (AMD, encompassing both dry and wet form), the late stage of Age-related maculopathy (ARM), is the leading cause of blindness in many developed countries in...
MPOD in Macular Teleangiectasia Following Supplementation of Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Earlier investigations have detected low levels of macular pigment (MP) in the center of the fovea and a halo of MP at a higher eccentricity in persons with type 2 idiopathic juxtafoveal t...
