EVALUATION OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FUNCTION IN THE ACUTE PHASE AFTER SPONTANEOUS SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE.
Summary of "EVALUATION OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY FUNCTION IN THE ACUTE PHASE AFTER SPONTANEOUS SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE."
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a potential cause of hypopituitarism. Most of the studies regarding the relationship between SAH and anterior pituitary function were retrospective and hormonal assessment was performed several months after SAH. Aim: To prospectively evaluate the prevalence of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies in the acute phase after spontaneous SAH and their possible correlation with clinical and radiological parameters. Methods: Pituitary function was tested in 60 patients within 72h after spontaneous SAH . Results: 56.9% of the patients showed at least one anterior pituitary hormone deficiency: gonadotropin and GH secretion failure represented the most prevalent hormonal deficiencies (33.3% and 22.0%, respectively), whereas ACTH and TSH deficiency were less frequent (7.1% and 1.8%, respectively). With the exception of secondary hypogonadism, the prevalence of other pituitary hormone deficiencies is in agreement with previous studies, which evaluated pituitary function on long-term follow up after SAH. No correlation was found between hypopituitarism and clinical status, as assessed with Hunt-Hess and Glascow Coma Scales. Moreover, no correlation was found between hypopituitarism and bleeding severity evaluated with Fisher's scale. Conclusions: We demonstrated a high prevalence of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies acutely after SAH. Although part of GH and gonadotropin deficiencies might be a consequence of functional alteration due to SAH itself, the finding of low cortisol levels in this stressful condition strongly suggests the presence of true hypocortisolism. Therefore, an evaluation of pituitary function shortly after SAH might be useful to identify a subset of patients who deserve a more accurate follow up.
Affiliation
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of endocrinological investigation
ISSN: 1720-8386
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811167
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3275/7242
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Pituitary Apoplexy
The sudden loss of blood supply to the PITUITARY GLAND, leading to tissue NECROSIS and loss of function (PANHYPOPITUITARISM). The most common cause is hemorrhage or INFARCTION of a PITUITARY ADENOMA. It can also result from acute hemorrhage into SELLA TURCICA due to HEAD TRAUMA; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; or other acute effects of central nervous system hemorrhage. Clinical signs include severe HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; bilateral visual disturbances; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; and COMA.
Pituitary-adrenal System
The interactions between the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, in which corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and adrenal cortical hormones suppress the production of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary.
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include polypeptide, protein, and glycoprotein molecules.
Pituitary Gland, Anterior
The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES that regulate vital functions such as GROWTH; METABOLISM; and REPRODUCTION.
Hyperpituitarism
Disease of the glandular, anterior portion of the pituitary (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) resulting in hypersecretion of ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES such as GROWTH HORMONE; PROLACTIN; THYROTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE ; and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. Hyperpituitarism usually is caused by a functional ADENOMA.
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