Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects.
Summary of "Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects."
The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing WPF, FPF or white wheat flour (WF) for 28 d, followed by 28 d washout periods. Daily doses of WPF and FPF complied with the United States Department of Agriculture's recommended level of intake of half a cup of pulses/d (approximately 50 g/d). Dietary energy requirements were calculated for each study subject, and volunteers were only permitted to eat food supplied by the study personnel. Fasting insulin, body composition, urinary enterolactone levels, postprandial glucose response, as well as fasting lipid and glucose concentrations, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of each treatment. Insulin concentrations for WPF (37.8 (sem 3.4) pmol/ml, P = 0.021) and FPF (40.5 (sem 3.4) pmol/ml, P = 0.037) were lower compared with WF (50.7 (sem 3.4) pmol/ml). Insulin homeostasis modelling assessment showed that consumption of WPF and FPF decreased (P < 0.05) estimates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with WF. Android:gynoid fat ratios in women participants were lower (P = 0.027) in the WPF (1.01 (sem 0.01) group compared with the WF group (1.06 (sem 0.01). Urinary enterolactone levels tended to be higher (P = 0.087) in WPF compared with WF. Neither treatment altered circulating fasting lipids or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, under a controlled diet paradigm, a daily consumption of whole and fractionated yellow pea flours at doses equivalent to half a cup of yellow peas/d reduced IR, while WPF reduced android adiposity in women.
Affiliation
The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: The British journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1475-2662
Pages: 1-8
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807459
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510003156
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. It can be caused by the presence of INSULIN ANTIBODIES or the abnormalities in insulin receptors (RECEPTOR, INSULIN) on target cell surfaces. It is often associated with OBESITY; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; INFECTION; and certain rare conditions. (from Stedman, 25th ed)
Insulin, Long-acting
Insulin formulation containing substance which delays or retards time period of the absorption of insulin.
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Insulin Infusion Systems
Portable or implantable devices for infusion of insulin. Includes open-loop systems which may be patient-operated or controlled by a pre-set program and are designed for constant delivery of small quantities of insulin, increased during food ingestion, and closed-loop systems which deliver quantities of insulin automatically based on an electronic glucose sensor.
PubMed Articles
Evaluation of various insulin sensitivity indices in lean idiopathic hirsutism patients.
Hirsutism is characterized by excessive growth of terminal hair in a male pattern. Idiopathic hirsutism (IH) is a common cause of hirsutism. Since there are few data demonstrating IH is associated w...
AIMS: To determine whether altered GLP-1 activity contributes to the abnormal endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin secretion characteristic of people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). ME...
Insulin-mediated glucose disposal varies severalfold in apparently healthy individuals, and approximately one-third of the most insulin resistant of these individuals is at increased risk to develop v...
Insulin metabolism and the risk of Alzheimer disease: The Rotterdam Study.
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), but how it exerts its effect remains controversial. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are glucose...
OBJECTIVE To determine whether elevated fasting or 2-h plasma glucose and/or insulin better reflects the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in an overweight pediatric population wit...
Clinical Trials
INSUlin Regimens and VASCular Functions
Vago-sympathetic activity, arterial stiffness and endothelial function are integrators of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this pilot study is, in type 2 diabetic patients now requiring ins...
Normalization of Fasting Glucose and the Incidence of Restenosis After Peripheral Angioplasty
Primary objective of the study is to test whether an intensified insulin therapy incorporating the target of normal fasting glucose (
Our hypothesis is that hyperinsulinemia increases the renal clearance of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and that this leads to a reduction in circula...
Comparison of NPH Insulin and Insulin Detemir in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
This trial is conducted in Europe. The aim of this research is to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with NPH insulin and insulin detemir. You will be treated with either insuli...
Insulin Therapy in the Hospital Comparing Two Protocols
The purpose of this study is to determine if by using insulin analog (Glargine and lispro insulin) with an insulin pen the investigators are able to obtain a higher rate of correct timing...
