Male circumcision: Africa and beyond?
Summary of "Male circumcision: Africa and beyond?"
PURPOSE OF
REVIEW:
Male circumcision has become an important component of HIV prevention strategies in Africa. Results of recent trials have renewed interest in this ancient procedure and its potential application in the reduction of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). With renewed interest comes controversy, which has always been a close companion to circumcision. RECENT
FINDINGS:
Following the three randomized trials in Africa demonstrating the protective effects of male circumcision on HIV infection, studies have reported other benefits of circumcision including protection from certain STIs, including human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2. With data accumulating on the public health benefits of circumcision and the endorsement of circumcision from WHO, investigators have begun to evaluate the feasibility, safety and cost of implementation of large-scale circumcision programs. Limitations of circumcision have also been explored.
SUMMARY:
Male circumcision will likely play an important role in HIV/STI prevention programs in Africa; the inclusion of circumcision in the health policy of developed countries will require further investigation.
Affiliation
aCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA bNew York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA cThe Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, New York, USA.
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Current opinion in urology
ISSN: 1473-6586
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844437
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0b013e32833f1b21
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Circumcision, Male
Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.
Circumcision, Female
A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitoridectomy, and infibulation. It is associated with severe health risks and has been declared illegal in many places, but continues to be widely practiced in a number of countries, particularly in Africa.
South Africa
A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.
Tuberculosis, Male Genital
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).
PubMed Articles
: The efficacy of male circumcision for HIV prevention over 2 years has been demonstrated in three randomized trials, but the longer-term effectiveness of male circumcision is unknown.
Safety of task-shifting for male medical circumcision: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
: Task-shifting for male medical circumcision is proposed as a strategy to overcome the lack of surgeons and doctors in high HIV prevalence settings. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis...
How low can you go: the impact of a modestly effective HIV vaccine compared with male circumcision.
OBJECTIVE: The first evidence of modest effectiveness of an HIV vaccine was demonstrated by the RV144 trial in Thailand in 2009. Although promising, this vaccine has largely been dismissed because it...
Risk compensation associated with male circumcision has been a concern for male circumcision scale-up programs. Using posttrial data collected during 2007-2011 on 2,137 male circumcision trial partici...
Poverty may influence HIV risk by increasing vulnerability to economic shocks and thereby preventing key health investments. We explored this possibility by examining the relationship between househol...
Clinical Trials
Effect of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence (ANRS 1265)
Observational studies suggest that male circumcision may provide protection against HIV-1 infection. A randomized, controlled, intervention trial was conducted in a general population of S...
The Shang Ring: A Novel Male Circumcision Device for HIV Prevention
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Shang Ring, a novel Chinese device for voluntary medical male circumcision, in order to improve the provision of male circumcision services for...
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Safety of Neonatal Male Circumcision in Lusaka, Zambia
In this study of neonatal male circumcision (NMC), the investigators will examine acceptability of among parents, feasibility of training providers and implementing services in various cli...
Evaluation of the Extension at Community Level of Safe Male Circumcision (ANRS 12126 ORANGE FARM 2)
This study is aimed at demonstrating whether or not Male Circumcision can be used as an effective public health prevention tool that will have an impact on HIV prevalence in the South Afri...
Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Dry Circumcision Method
The objective of this clinical investigation is to provide the first and preliminary clinical data to study the safety and efficacy of male circumcision where the dry circumcision method i...
