Reduction in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Following Implementation of the Conjugate Vaccine in the Oxfordshire Region, England.
Summary of "Reduction in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Following Implementation of the Conjugate Vaccine in the Oxfordshire Region, England."
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to 7 capsular types has been highly effective in the US since its introduction in 2000. The same vaccine was adopted by the UK in 2006. Ongoing surveillance since 1995 of invasive pneumococcal disease in Oxfordshire, UK, allowed assessment of the impact of vaccine intervention. The vaccine significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease among the target group, children less than 2 years; incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.62 [95%CI 0.43-0.90] (p=0.008) comparing the 3 years pre- and post-implementation with a residual incidence of 22.4/100,000 children. The reduction was even greater when comparing 11 years pre with the 3 years post implementation of vaccine; IRR=0.53 [0.39- 0.70] p<0.0001. There was a marked direct effect of the vaccine evidenced by substantial reductions in the 7 serotypes contained in the vaccine. There was also a clear reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease for those serotypes contained in the vaccine among those older than 2 years when comparing both the 3 and 11 year pre PCV7 time periods with IRR=0.57 [0.47-0.69] p<0.0001 and IRR=0.50 [0.43-0.58] p<0.0001 respectively, indicating a strong herd effect. There was a significant, though moderate, rise in the serotypes not contained in the vaccine, with clear evidence for replacement in some serotypes.
Affiliation
1 University of Oxford;
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of medical microbiology
ISSN: 1473-5644
Pages:
Links
- PubMed Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864548
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.023135-0
Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Diphtheria-tetanus Vaccine
A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
Herpes Zoster Vaccine
An attenuated vaccine used to prevent and/or treat HERPES ZOSTER, a disease caused by HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3.
Brucella Vaccine
A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.
PubMed Articles
Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was licensed to provide immunity against pneumococcal disease caused by seven serotypes of S. pneumoniae. Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vacc...
Economic evaluation of second generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Norway.
A seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the Norwegian childhood immunization programme in 2006, and since then the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has decline...
A 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recently developed for use in older adults, and may be effective not only against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) but also nonbacteremic pneu...
Case-control studies evaluating post-licensure effectiveness of conjugate vaccines can be laborious and costly. We applied an indirect cohort method to evaluate the effectiveness of seven-valent pneum...
Pneumococcal disease in South Australia: Vaccine success but no time for complacency.
Trends in age specific and serotype specific incidence rates for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were examined in South Australia 4 years before and 5 years after the commencement of the Australia...
Clinical Trials
Study Evaluating Immune Response of Children Revaccinated With Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
The primary purpose of this study is to characterize the immune response to a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPnC) in children previously vaccinated with a prim...
Effect of Two Versus Three Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinations
Two( 2) or three (3) instead of four vaccinations before the age of 6 months with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine are presumed to protect children against invasive pneumococcal disease like...
Study Evaluating a 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Administered to Infants in Korea
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPnC), relative to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate va...
To assess whether HIV-infected infants who receive a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine have more local reactions at the site of injection and systemic reactions than placebo subje...
Study To Evaluate a 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate (13vPnC) vaccine compared to Prevenar (7vPnC), when given concomita...
