PubMed Journal Database - Page: 2 
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Showing PubMed Articles 26–50 of 430,000+
Influence of Soil Humic and Fulvic Acid on the Activity and Stability of Lysozyme and Urease.
Humic substances (HS), including humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), are important components of soil systems. HS form strong complexes with oppositely charged proteins, which will lead to changes in the enzyme activity. The effect of soil HS on the activity and stability of two enzymes was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, and mass ratio HS/enzyme. Humic acid (JGHA) and fulvic acid (JGFA) are negatively charged, lysozyme is net positive at pH values below 10.4, and urease is net positiv...
Microscale Determination of Aqueous Two Phase System Binodals by Droplet Dehydration in Oil.
This paper analyzes the use of a dehydrating oil system to determine binodal curves of an aqueous two phase system (ATPS). Aqueous droplets containing phase-forming polymers are dehydrated at the interface between two immiscible oils. The droplets shrink due to diffusion of water into the oil phase while constantly maintaining a spherical shape. Upon sufficient dehydration, dilute one-phase solutions of phase-forming polymers separate into two phases. Comparison of the droplet diameter at this phase separat...
Biochar land application may result in multiple agronomic and environmental benefits (e.g., carbon sequestration, improving soil quality, and immobilizing environmental contaminants). However, our understanding of biochar particle transport is largely unknown in natural environments with significant heterogeneity in solid (e.g., patches of iron oxyhydroxide coating) and solution chemistry (e.g., the presence of natural organic matter), which represents a critical knowledge gap in assessing the environmental...
A sol-gel cooperative assembly method was demonstrated for the fabrication of inverse opal films with an open surface. In this method, a sol-gel silicate precursor was cooperatively assembled into the interstitial spaces of microspheres at the same time when polystyrene templates formed in between two desired substrates. Silica inverse opals with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure were obtained after selective removing the colloidal templates by calcination. The open surfaces with a hi...
Quaternary Ammonium Herbicides (QUATs) are nonselective contact herbicides, widely used at weed emergence to protect a wide range of crops. The benefits achieved by the use of these herbicides are indisputable. In soils devoted to vineyards, their uses increase the yield and the quality of the grapes for winemaking. However, several environmental dangers have emerged from the overuse of these compounds. Therefore, there has been a great interest in the presence of these compounds in soils, water, and food....
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-impregnated rice husks/rice hush ash (RHs/RHA) were successfully synthesized, and their potential application as antibacterial materials in water disinfection was investigated with particular attention given to the use of both white rice husk ash (WRHA) and black rice husk ash (BRHA) produced by the combustion of RHs as AgNP supports. AgNPs, with diameter of ∼20 nm, were anchored tightly onto RHA, with the emplacement of the AgNPs on these supports increasing the antibacterial a...
Morpholine Nitrosation To Better Understand Potential Solvent Based CO2 Capture Process Reactions.
The amine assisted CO2 capture process from coal fired power plants strives for the determination of degradation components and its consequences. Among them, nitrosamine formation and their emissions are of particular concern due to their environmental and health effects. The experiments were conducted using morpholine as a representative secondary amine as a potential CO2 capture solvent with 100 ppm standard NO2 gas to better understand the nitrosamine reaction pathways under scrubber and stripper conditi...
Measurement of Asphaltenes Using Optical Spectroscopy on a Microfluidic Platform.
We present a microfluidic apparatus and method for the measurement of asphaltene content in crude-oil samples. The measurement is based on an optical absorption technique, where it was established that asphaltene coloration correlated linearly with asphaltene weight content. The initial absorbance of the oil is measured, and asphaltenes are removed from the oil by the addition of n-alkane, leading to flocculation and subsequent filtration. The absorbance of the deasphalted oil (maltenes) is then measured, a...
MRI findings and stroke risk in TIA patients with different symptom durations.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of acute infarction detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-MRI and stroke risk in TIA patients with different symptom duration in a population-based study. METHODS: During a 54-month period (starting November 2007), 3,724 admitted patients (mean age, 67 ± 14 years; 45% women) with transient neurologic symptoms lasting
The coming crisis: Obtaining care for the growing burden of neurodegenerative conditions.
As the US population ages, the burden of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, will increase substantially. However, many of these patients and their families currently do not receive neurologic care. For example, a recent study found that over 40% of Medicare beneficiaries with an incident Parkinson disease diagnosis did not receive neurologist care early after diagnosis and those who did not were more likely to fracture a hip, be placed in a nursing home, and die....
Incidence and prevalence of treated epilepsy among poor health and low-income Americans.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and prevalence of treated epilepsy in an adult Medicaid population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, dynamic cohort analysis using Ohio Medicaid claims data between 1992 and 2006. Individuals aged 18-64 years were identified as prevalent cases if they had ≥2 claims of epilepsy (ICD-9-CM: 345.xx) or ≥3 claims of convulsion (ICD-9-CM: 780.3 or 780.39) and ≥2 claims of antiepileptic drugs. Incident cases were required to have no epilepsy or convulsion claims f...
Syncope and orthostatic intolerance increase risk of brain lesions in migraineurs and controls.
OBJECTIVES: We and others showed that migraineurs are at increased risk of subclinical and clinical ischemic brain lesions. Migraineurs also have a higher prevalence of frequent syncope and orthostatic intolerance, symptoms that are associated with transient reductions in cerebral blood flow. In this study, we assessed whether these autonomic symptoms may contribute to the increased risk of brain lesions in migraine. METHODS: Migraineurs (n = 291) and controls (n = 140) from the population-based, cross-sect...
8OHdG is not a biomarker for Huntington disease state or progression.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine (8OHdG) levels as a potential biomarker of premanifest and early Huntington disease (HD). METHODS: Personnel from 2 independent laboratories quantified 8OHdG in blinded longitudinal plasma samples taken 24 months apart from 160 TRACK-HD participants, as well as samples containing control plasma with added ("spiked") 8OHdG. One laboratory used a liquid chromatography-electrochemical array (LCECA) assay, and the other used liquid chromatography-mass spec...
Low-dose propranolol and exercise capacity in postural tachycardia syndrome: A randomized study.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of low-dose propranolol on maximal exercise capacity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). METHODS: We compared the effect of placebo vs a single low dose of propranolol (20 mg) on peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), an established measure of exercise capacity, in 11 patients with POTS and 7 healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind study. Subjects exercised on a semirecumbent bicycle, with increasing intervals of resistance to maximal effort. RESULTS:...
Stroke risk after TIA: DWI is only part of the answer.
The use of MRI to evaluate patients with TIA has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Most studies have found a higher risk of recurrent stroke when there is evidence of restricted diffusion on brain MRI. However, much of the published work has been from relatively small single-center studies or pooled analysis of smaller studies.(1-3.)
Economics of neurology 101: The dismal science meets the dismal prognosis.
In the coming decades, we are faced with a massive demographic shift: the nation as a whole is getting older, by leaps and bounds. The number of persons in the oldest demographic, ages 85 and older, is expected to expand from 5.8 million in 2010 to 8.7 million in 2030, to 19 million in 2050.(1) Barring miracle cures, these persons will carry a disproportionate burden of chronic neurologic diseases, including dementia, parkinsonism, and stroke. By these measures, the demand for neurologists should increase d...
Abstracts From the Emerging Science Series, April 24, 2013.
Monocyte-Directed RNAi Targeting CCR2 Improves Infarct Healing in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice.
BACKGROUND: Exaggerated and prolonged inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates left ventricular remodeling. Inflammatory pathways may present a therapeutic target to prevent post-MI heart failure. However, the appropriate magnitude and timing of interventions are largely unknown, in part because noninvasive monitoring tools are lacking. Here, we used nanoparticle-facilitated silencing of CCR2, the chemokine receptor that governs inflammatory Ly-6C(high) monocyte subset traffic, to reduce in...
Blinding the Monocytes to Protect the Heart.
Terminal Is Important for the Helicity of the Self-Assemblies of Dipeptides Derived from Alanine.
The organization of peptides and proteins attracts much attention, due to the biofunctionalities of the self-assemblies. Herein, four dipeptides derived from alanine were synthesized. It was found that the handedness of their self-assemblies was controlled by the chirality of the alanines at the terminals. The organic self-assemblies were studied using circular dichroism, (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, field-emission electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The re...
The adsorption of lysozyme protein was measured ex situ on well-characterized gold surfaces coated by end-tethered polyethylene oxide brushes of various molecular weights and controlled grafting densities. The adsorbed amount of protein for different molecular weight brushes was found to collapse onto one master curve when plotted against brush coverage. We interpret this relationship in terms of a model involving site-blocking of the adsorption of proteins at the substrate and discuss the role of the physi...
Janus-Core and Shell Microfibers.
Janus microcylinders composed of different polymers were prepared through coaxial co-jetting with dual-core flows, followed by cross-linking, microsectioning, and shell removal. Uniquely shaped building blocks can be fabricated by photo-patterning of one hemisphere of the microcylinders.
Effect of Colloidal Substrate Curvature on pH-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Brush Growth.
Coatings consisting of polymer brushes are an effective way to modify solid interfaces. Polymer brush-modified hybrid particles have been prepared by surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP) of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) on silica particles. We have optimized the synthesis with respect to changing the reducing agent, temperature, and reaction solvent from an aqueous ethanol mixture to an aqueous methanol mixture. Our fle...
An ideal colloidal system should be highly stable in a diverse range of buffer conditions while still retaining its surface accessibility. We recently reported that dispersing citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), can achieve such a goal because of contributions from depletion stabilization. Because AuNPs can weakly adsorb PEG to exert steric stabilization and the remaining citrate can impart charge stabilization, the extent of the contribution of depletio...
Predicting Mixed-Gas Adsorption Equilibria on Activated Carbon for Precombustion CO2 Capture.
We present experimentally measured adsorption isotherms of CO2, H2, and N2 on a phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbon, which had been previously synthesized for the separation of CO2 in a precombustion capture process. The single component adsorption isotherms were measured in a magnetic suspension balance at three different temperatures (298, 318, and 338 K) and over a large range of pressures (from 0 to 3000-4000 kPa). These values cover the temperature and pressure conditions likely to be foun...
