PubMed Journal Database | Archives of virology - Page: 2 
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Showing PubMed Articles 26–50 of 483 from Archives of virology
We determined the complete genome sequence of the passion fruit woodiness virus Gld-1 isolate (PWV-Gld-1) from Australia and compared it with that of PWV-MU-2, another Australian isolate of PWV. The genomes shared high sequence identity in both the complete nucleotide sequence and the ORF amino acid sequence. All of the cleavage sites of each protein were identical to those of MU-2, and the sequence identity for the individual proteins ranged from 97.2 % to 100.0 %. However, the 5' untranslated region (5'...
Characterization of the complete genome of a novel citrivirus infecting Actinidia chinensis.
A ssRNA virus from kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) was identified as a member of the family Betaflexiviridae. It was mechanically transmitted to the herbaceous indicators Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. glutinosa and N. occidentalis. The complete genome was comprised of three ORFs and a 3'poly (A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome indicated it was a novel member of the genus Citrivirus (family Betaflexiviridae). The complete nucleotide sequence differed from that of citrus leaf blotch vi...
Occurrence and investigation of enteric viral infections in pigs with diarrhea in China.
Between February 2011 and February 2012, 985 and 324 samples were collected from diarrheal and healthy pigs, respectively, to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV), porcine group A rotavirus (GARV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). PEDV and PKoV clearly predominated in diarrheal pigs. Compared to healthy pigs, a substantial prevalence of mixed infections was observed in diarrheal pigs (72.3 %) (P < 0.001). All of the coinfections we...
In this study, 86 Marek's disease virus (MDV) transcripts were detected in chicken thymus infected with RB1B strain. Forty-seven of them, which were mainly involved in viral replication and immune escape, were detected at 7 days postinfection (dpi). Expression of most of the genes was increased at 21 and 28 dpi but reduced or shut down at 14 dpi. Unlike others tissues, we found that a latent infection was established at 14 dpi in infected thymus. Here, we show the kinetics of expression of MDV transcrip...
Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a 36-nm-diameter, T = 3 icosahedral plant virus with a genome that is split between two single-stranded RNA molecules of approximately 3.9 kb and 1.5 kb, as well as a 400-nucleotide degradation product. The structure of the virus capsid and its response to removing Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) was previously studied by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) (Sherman et al. J Virol 80:10395-10406, 2006) but the structure of the RNA was only partially resolved in that study. T...
Rotavirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, while its role as a pathogen in adults has long been underappreciated. In order to describe the epidemiological patterns and genetic characteristics of rotavirus causing sporadic acute gastroenteritis in adults, hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus infections was conducted in Shanghai, China, between June 2010 and May 2011. Stool specimens were collected from outpatients with acute gastroenteritis admitted to three local...
Today, dengue viruses are the most prevalent arthropod-borne viruses in the world. Since the 1960s, numerous reports have identified a second heterologous dengue virus (DENV) infection as a principal risk factor for severe dengue disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, DHF/DSS). Modifiers of dengue disease response include the specific sequence of two DENV infections, the interval between infections, and contributions from the human host, such as age, ethnicity, chronic illnesses and geneti...
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused devastating enteric disease in Korean pig farms since its first identification in 1992 in Korea. In the present study, the molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationship of Korean PEDV field isolates to other reference strains were analyzed using the complete E gene. Genetic analysis showed that each PEDV group had several unique characteristics, which indicated that a specific group PEDVs may be differentiated from another group PE...
Construction of an infectious cDNA clone of radish mosaic virus, a crucifer-infecting comovirus.
Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) is a crucifer-infecting comovirus that has been detected worldwide. Here, we report the successful construction of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of RaMV. The full-length cDNA clones corresponding to RNA1 and RNA2 of a Japanese isolate of RaMV were cloned into the pBlueScript plasmid or the binary vector pCAMBIA1301 downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Mechanical inoculation or agroinoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with these vectors resulted in systemi...
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as a leading pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in the pediatric population, particularly in infants and young children. A previous study by the same study group revealed that the RSV BA strain was prevalent in southwestern China in epidemic seasons from 2008 to 2009. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of RSV in the following two years, the genetic variability of the G gene, and mutations at the 276th amino acid...
Recombination in the evolution of human rhinovirus genomes.
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are highly prevalent human respiratory pathogens that belong to the genus Enterovirus. Although recombination within the coding region is frequent in other picornavirus groups, most evidence of recombination in HRV has been restricted to the 5' untranslated region. We analysed the occurrence of recombination within published complete genome sequences of members of all three HRV species and additionally compared sequences from HRV strains spanning 14 years. HRV-B and HRV-C showed ver...
The complete genomic sequence of a novel mycovirus from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA strain B275.
The complete genome of a novel mycovirus, Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 1 (RsRV1) was sequenced and analyzed. It is composed of two dsRNA genome segments, 2379 bp and 1811 bp in length, which were referred to as RsRV1-1 and RsRV1-2, respectively. RsRV1-1 contains a single open reading frame (ORF1), which has a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, whereas RsRV1-2 contains a single ORF2, which might encode a multifunctional protein. The genome organization of RsRV1 is similar to that of me...
Baculovirus replication induces the expression of heat shock proteins in vivo and in vitro.
A recent handful of studies have linked baculovirus infection with the induction of heat shock proteins, a highly conserved family of cytoprotective proteins. Here, we demonstrate baculovirus-stimulated upregulation of hsp70 transcription in the natural host, Helicoverpa zea. Larvae lethally infected with Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) accumulated hsp70 transcripts throughout the 72-hour course of infection in the midgut, hemocytes, and fat body. While a maximal 17- or 15-fold inductio...
Phylogenetic analysis of two Chinese orf virus isolates based on sequences of B2L and VIR genes.
Orf virus (ORFV) is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome, causing a contagious pustular dermatitis, mainly in goats and sheep. In this study, two strains of ORFV were isolated from sheep and goat samples in Xinjiang and Shaanxi, China. The B2L and virus interferon resistance (VIR) genes of these two isolates were sequenced and analyzed after PCR amplification. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two isolates clustered with other ORFV strains but were separated into different subgroups. The...
Wild rats can be reservoirs and vectors for several human pathogens. An initial RT-PCR screening of the intestinal contents of Norway rats trapped in the sewer system of Copenhagen, Denmark, for caliciviruses revealed the presence of a human norovirus in one of 11 rodents. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the ~4.0-kb 3'-terminus of the norovirus genome resulted in the identification of a recombinant GI.b/GI.6 strain. The simultaneous detection of hepatitis E virus-like particles in the feces of this rat...
Hemagglutination mediated by the spike protein of cell-adapted bovine torovirus.
Bovine torovirus (BToV)-Aichi, recently isolated in cultured cells, showed hemagglutination (HA) activity, although the virus has a truncated hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein, judging from its gene structure, indicating the existence of another viral protein with HA activity. We examined whether the spike (S) protein possesses HA activity. A BToV antiserum used in this study, reactive to S but not to HE, inhibited HA activity. Furthermore, cells infected with BToV and those expressing S showed hemadsorpt...
Detection of human cytomegalovirus in transbronchial biopsies from lung transplant recipients.
The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in lung transplantation (LT) and drawbacks related to viral quantification in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) underline the potential usefulness of investigating other specimens. Thirty-three LT recipients were prospectively studied by HCMV quantitative real time PCR on matched transbronchial biopsy (TBB), BAL, and whole blood specimens. Overall, 27/33 patients turned out HCMV-positive in at least one specimen: 7.1 %, 37.1 %, and 13.5 % of TBB, BAL, and blood samples...
An update on viral association of human cancers.
Up to now, seven viruses that infect humans have been identified as oncogenic and are closely associated with different human cancers. Most of them encode oncogenes whose products play important roles in the development of cancers in the context of environmental and genetic factors; others may act via indirect mechanisms. The transforming activities of the human oncogenic viruses have much in common with the well-studied tumorigenic processes elicited by the acutely transforming murine retroviruses. Many of...
The local intestinal mucosa, the largest mucosal immune system in animals, plays an important role in resistance against intestinal pathogen infection. However, the molecular antiviral mechanisms of the intestinal mucosa remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened and identified differentially expressed transcripts in (PSV) porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) infected with porcine sapelovirus using microarray analysis. A total of 2298 differentially expressed genes were screened at four t...
Novel ssDNA viruses discovered in yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps) nesting material.
During routine monitoring of yellow-crowned parakeets in the Poulter Valley of the South Island of New Zealand, a dead parakeet chick was discovered in a nest. Known parrot-infecting viruses, such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV), and parrot hepatitis B virus (PHBV), were not detected in the nesting material. However, we recovered two novel single-stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA), CynNCXV (2308 nt) and CynNCKV (2087 nt), which have genome architectures similar to those of cir...
HCV infection among cocaine users in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon.
In this study, the prevalence, genotype frequency, and risk factors for HCV infection in 384 cocaine users were determined. One hundred twenty-four (32.3 %) cocaine users had anti-HCV antibodies and 120 (31.3 %) had HCV-RNA. Genotyping results indicated the predominance of genotypes 1 (73.3 %) and 3 (26.7 %). Multivariate analysis showed an association of HCV infection with tattoos, shared use of paraphernalia, daily cocaine use, and a long history of cocaine use. The epidemiological aspects of HCV infe...
Partial genomic sequences of two divergent grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) variants, NZ1-B and NZ2, from New Zealand were determined and analysed (11,827 nt and 7,612 nt, respectively). At the nucleotide level, both variants are more than 20 % different from the previously published GLRaV-3 sequences, from phylogenetic groups 1 to 5. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NZ1-B is a variant of the previously identified divergent NZ-1, while NZ2 is a novel sequence with only 76 % nucleotide s...
Establishment of an agroinoculation system for broad bean wilt virus 2.
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2) isolate from gentian in Japan. The full-length RNA1 and RNA2 sequences, excluding poly(A) tails, were 5955 and 3600 nucleotides long, respectively. Analysis indicated that, in contrast to other BBWV-2 isolates, the 5' end of both RNA1 and RNA2 starts with a GUU sequence. We successfully inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana with BBWV-2 by infiltrating a mixed suspension of two Agrobacterium tumefaciens clones carrying binary vec...
In the present study, a homologous rotavirus, ECwt, infecting small intestinal villi isolated from ICR and BALB/c mice were used as a model for identifying cell-surface molecules involved in rotavirus entry. Small-intestinal villi were treated with anti-Hsc70, anti-PDI, anti-integrin β3 or anti-ERp57 antibodies or their corresponding F(ab')2 fragments before inoculation with rotavirus ECwt, RRV or Wa. Pretreatment of villi decreased virus infectivity by about 50-100 % depending of the rotavirus strain, an...
Atypical isolates of plum pox virus (PPV) were discovered in naturally infected sour cherry in urban ornamental plantings in Moscow, Russia. The isolates were detected by polyclonal double antibody sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR using universal primers specific for the 3'-non-coding and coat protein (CP) regions of the genome but failed to be recognized by triple antibody sandwich ELISA with the universal monoclonal antibody 5B and by RT-PCR using primers specific to for PPV strains D, M, C and W. Sequence analy...
