PubMed Journal Database | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry - Page: 5 
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Showing PubMed Articles 101–125 of 2,600+ from Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Ray florets (Rf) and disc florets (Df) are agricultural byproducts of sunflower seeds. Their nutrition-related compounds were determined. The dietary fiber contents in Rf and Df were 42.90 mg/100 g and 58.97 mg/100 g. In both florets, palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were identified as the three most abundant fatty acids, and the saturated ones constitute approximately two-thirds (w/w) of the total fatty acids. Lysine was the limiting amino acid in both florets by World Health Organization standards....
A selective separation of vitamin D3 and tachysterol3 by solvent extraction with 7 organic solvents and 11 ionic liquids (ILs) has been reported. Among organic solvents sulfolane showed optimal extraction performance, giving only a selectivity of 1.44 for tachysterol3 over vitamin D3. ILs with unsaturated bonds demonstrated high selectivity probably due to their different π-π interactions with the two compounds. A pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid, for example, [BMPr][NTf2], provided the highest selectivit...
Studies on the key aroma compounds in raw (unheated) and heated Japanese soy sauce.
An investigation using the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) technique of the aroma concentrate from a raw Japanese soy sauce and the heated soy sauce revealed 40 key aroma compounds including 7 newly identified compounds. Among them, 5(or 2)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone exhibited the highest flavor dilution (FD) factor of 2048, followed by 3-(methylthio)propanal, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone having FD fact...
Glucosinolates (GLS) are secondary metabolites occurring in cruciferous species. These compounds are important for plant defense, human health, and the characteristic flavor of Brassica vegetables. In this study, the GLS in tubers from a collection of 48 turnip ( Brassica rapa ) accessions from different geographic origin were analyzed. Two different methods were used: desulfo GLS were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, and intact GLS were analyzed by accura...
As a result of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, sensory testing protocols were established for reopening closed seafood harvest areas. In order to improve this method and quantitatively assess petrochemical taint, a new method using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and a 5975T transportable GC/MS was developed. This method can analyze 40 samples per instrument per day and could be an alternative to the human sensory panel. In seafood samples collected from supermarkets in the Washington D.C. ar...
There are many neotropical blueberries, and recent studies have shown that some have even stronger antioxidant activity than the well-known edible North American blueberries. Antioxidant marker compounds were predicted by applying multivariate statistics to data from LC-TOF-MS analysis and antioxidant assays of 3 North American blueberry species ( Vaccinium corymbosum , Vaccinium angustifolium , and a defined mixture of Vaccinium virgatum with V. corymbosum) and 12 neotropical blueberry species ( Anthopteru...
BLOOD MEAL-BASED COMPOUND. GOOD CHOICE AS IRON FERTILIZER FOR ORGANIC FARMING.
Prevention of iron chlorosis with Fe synthetic chelates is a widespread agronomical practice but implies high costs and environmental risks. Blood meal is one of the main fertilizers allowed to be used in organic farming. Through this work a novel blood meal fertilizer was audited. Measurements such as FTIR, Raman, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopy, UV-Visible, stability against pH and batch experiments were performed to characterize and assess the reactivity on soil constituents a...
Oak lactone is a natural component of oak wood, but it also exists in glycoconjugate precursor forms. This study concerned the role of glycoconjugates of 3-methyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid, specifically a galloylglucoside, glucoside, and rutinoside, in the evolution of oak lactone during cooperage and maturation. The glycoconjugate profiles of 10 French oak samples were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using stable isotope dilution analysis. The galloylgl...
APPLICATION OF INSOLUBLE FIBERS IN THE FINING OF WINE PHENOLICS.
The application of animal-derived proteins as wine fining agents has been subject to increased regulation in recent years. As an alternative to protein-based fining agents, insoluble plant-derived fibers have the capacity to adsorb red wine tannins. Changes in red wine tannin were analyzed following application of fibers derived from apple and grape, and protein-based fining agents. Other changes in wine composition, namely color, monomeric phenolics, metals and turbidity were also determined. Wine tannin w...
Radiation-induced free radicals and luminescence properties were investigated in gamma-irradiated (0-3 kGy) pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits. Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) analysis showed limited applicability and only 3 kGy-irradiated pomegranates showed the positive PSL values (>5,000 PCs). Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve features, such as intensity and the presence of maximum glow peak in radiation-specific temperature range (150-250oC) provided the definite prove of irradiation, where the...
HPLC Retention Thermodynamics of Grape and Wine Tannins.
The effect of grape and wine tannin structure on retention thermodynamics under reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography conditions on a polystyrene divinylbenzene column was investigated. Based upon retention response to temperature, an alternative retention factor was developed in order to approximate the combined temperature response of the complex, unresolvable tannin mixture. This alternative retention factor was based upon relative tannin peak areas separated by an abrupt change in solven...
To improve lipid membrane stability and prevent encapsulated food ingredients leakage, a polyelectrolyte delivery system (PDS) based on sodium alginate (AL) and chitosan (CH) coated on the surface of nanoliposomes (NLs) has been prepared and optimized using layer-by-layer self-assembly deposition technique. Morphology and FTIR observation confirmed PDS has been successfully coated by polymers. The physical stability studies (pH and heat treatment) indicated that the out-layered polymers could protect the co...
Our recent report on the binding of Cochineal Red A, a food dye, with HSA and BSA at pH 7.4 has revealed that electrostatic forces is the principal cause of interaction. In that study issues relating to complications arising out of modulation of dye binding affinity of BSA with pH has not been explored. Here we have further explored the interaction of Cochineal Red A with BSA, in pH range 4.8 - 7.8. Surprisingly, this system behaves differently in the texture of interaction-pattern at two extremes of studie...
Purification and identification of an ACE inhibitory peptide from walnut protein.
In the present study, a novel Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide, P-2a2, was purified to homogeneity from walnut protein hydrolysate by ultrafiltration, consecutive column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified peptide was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrophotometer and a liquid-phase peptide sequencer. The molecular mass of P-2a2 was tested to be 1033.42 D. Its amino acid sequence was determined to...
ABSTRACT Simultaneous detection of two classes of dyes possessing different chemical properties is difficult. In this study, through negative/positive ion switching mode, simultaneous determination of four typical acid orange dyes and three typical basic orange dyes were achieved by a single high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method and the analytical efficiency of multi-residues identification was greatly improved. To enhance detection sensitivity, the purification...
Ethanol consumption induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis by changing the extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the cross-linkage of collagen or elastin in the ECM. LOX protein and mRNA overexpression (>21-fold compared with controls, n=6) was detected in cirrhotic HCC patients with a history of alcoholism. LOX protein expression was induced in HCC cells after long-term treatment with ethanol (10 mM) for 20 to 40 passages (denoted as E20-E40 cells). Pterostilbene (PSB, 1...
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) contains a high level of flavonoid compounds, which have beneficial and pharmacological effects on health. In this study, we isolated full-length cDNAs encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HQT) and p-coumarate 3' hydroxylase (C3H), which are involved in chlorogenic acid (CGA) biosynthesis. We examined the expression levels of HQT and C3H using real-time RT-PCR in different organs and sprouts of two tartary buckwheat cultiva...
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was applied for the first time to extract bioactive low molecular weight carbohydrates (iminosugars and inositols) from mulberry (Morus alba) leaves. Under optimized conditions, PLE provided a similar yield to the conventional process used to extract these bioactives, but in less time (5 min vs. 90 min). To remove carbohydrates that interfere with the bioactivity of iminosugars from PLE extracts, two fractionation treatments were evaluated: yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae...
The polyphenol profile of two Tunisian varieties of dates including flavanols, flavonols, flavones, and hydroxycinnamates was characterized. Three tissue zones (flesh, peel, and stone) and three maturity stages were considered. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to UV-visible and electrospray mass spectrometry. Procyanidin oligomers and polymers were characterized and quantified using phloroglucinolysis prior to HPLC analysis. Procyanidin pol...
The lignin content measured after dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover indicates more lignin than could be accounted for on the basis of the untreated corn stover lignin content. This phenomenon was investigated using a combination of (13)C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and lignin removal using acid chlorite bleaching. Only minimal contamination with carbohydrates and proteins was observed in the pretreated corn stover....
Anticancer activity of olive oil hydroxytyrosyl acetate in human adenocarcinoma caco-2 cells.
The anticancer activity of hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HTy-Ac) has been studied in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Gene expression of proteins involved in cell cycle (p21, p53, cyclin B1, and cyclin G2) and programmed cell death (BNIP3, BNIP3L, PDCD4, and ATF3), as well as phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes CYPA1 and UGT1A10, were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after 24 h of exposure of Caco-2/TC7 cells to 5, 10, and 50 μM of HTy-Ac. The results show that HTy-Ac inhibited...
A Californian Cabernet Sauvignon was stored for 6 months at three different constant temperatures to study the combined effects of storage temperature and packaging configuration. Glass bottles with natural cork, synthetic cork, and screw cap closure, as well as two Bag-in-Box treatments, were used in the experiment. A trained sensory panel was able to detect significant changes in aroma, flavor, taste, mouthfeel, and color attributes among the samples, differences that were found also with various chemical...
The impacts of the molecular weight (MW), viscosity, and solubility of β-glucan on the rate of in vitro starch digestion and estimated glycemic index (GI) were evaluated. Extracted oat starch and β-glucan suspensions with high, medium, and low MW were heated to gelatinize the starch. The viscosity increased and the solubility decreased with an increase in the MW of β-glucan. The in vitro starch hydrolysis of the mixtures and a control, white bread, increased as the digestion time increased. As the MW of...
Melting and crystallization of sugars in high-solids systems.
Crystalline structures of sugars, particularly that of sucrose, depend on crystallization conditions and the presence of impurities. Sugar crystals show melting that often occurs at low temperatures with time- and temperature-dependent characteristics. Melting at low temperatures can be accounted for by the presence of impurties and defects. Sugar crystals also contain noncrystalline regions that may undergo decomposition and subsequent dissolution at the decomposition interface and acceleration of decompos...
