PubMed Journal Database | Abdominal imaging 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 188 from Abdominal imaging
Esophageal cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The management of patients with esophageal cancer is determined to a large extent by patient performance status, location of the primary cancer, and stage of disease at presentation. Multimodality regimens combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy followed by surgery have been increasingly used in suitable candidates with locally advanced cancer. There is substantial morbidity and mortality associated with this tr...
Erratum to: Autoimmune pancreatitis: whole-body (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings.
Phlebosclerotic colitis: three cases and literature review.
Three cases of phlebosclerotic colitis (PC) are presented and all in males. The etiology of the PC still remains unknown. The characteristic manifestations of PC were transmural calcifications on CT and dark purple mucosa on endoscopy. Cases 1 and 2 underwent computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopy while case 3 underwent CT and endoscopy. Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to our hospital for ileus. Case 3 had been diagnosed as ischemic colitis and came to our hospital for re-exam...
PURPOSE: Percutaneous ablation of functioning adrenal adenomas has been an alternative to videolaparoscopic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of functioning adrenal tumors using a computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous technique as demonstrated by our experience and the literature. METHODS: Eleven adult patients (mean age 46 years) with a diagnosis of functioning adrenal adenoma underwent CT-guided RFA betwee...
Pelvic applications of MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound.
MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRg HIFU) is a novel method of tissue ablation that incorporates high energy focused ultrasound for tissue heating and necrosis within an MR scanner that provides simultaneous stereotactic tissue targeting and thermometry. To date, MRg HIFU has been used primarily to treat uterine fibroids, but many additional applications in the pelvis are in development. This article reviews the basic technology of MRg HIFU, and the use of MRg HIFU to treat uterine fibroids, ad...
BACKGROUND: Detection of portal vein tumor invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important in determining therapy and prognosis. Patients with portal vein thrombus (PVT) due to tumor are considered to have advanced disease and are only offered palliative therapy. Therefore, every possible attempt should be made to accurately differentiate benign from malignant PVT. METHODS: In this study, 20 patients presenting to the out-patient department with a PVT and a diagnosis/diagnostic suspicion of HCC were...
Intraductal growing acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas.
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pancreatic exocrine neoplasm characterized by a huge, exophytic well-circumscribed hypovascular mass. There has been several reports describing intraductal and papillary variant of ACC and they showed different radiologic features from usual ACC. We present histologically confirmed cases of intraductal and papillary variant of ACC that had been found in two patients, who underwent CT and MRI. This report provides CT and MRI features of intraductal and papillary variant...
AIM: To evaluate the impact of contrast-enhanced computed tomography colonography (CE-CTC) on laparoscopic surgery planning in patient with stenosing colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with endoscopically proven colorectal cancer underwent CE-CTC, after incomplete conventional colonoscopy. Two experienced radiologists evaluated site, length, and TNM staging of colorectal cancers on three-dimensional double contrast enema-like views, 2D axial and multiplanar reconstructions. All th...
PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI features of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) and to determine added value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with surgically confirmed invasive (n = 12) and non-invasive (n = 11) IPNB, who underwent preoperative liver MRI were included. Two observers performed consensus review of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and combined gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI including DWI separately, with regard to conspicuity of intraductal tumor using fi...
In response to "Detection of body packing by magnetic resonance imaging: a new diagnostic tool?"
Uterine artery embolization: pre- and post-procedural evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become the preferred method in assessing the uterus and pelvis prior to and following uterine artery embolization (UAE). The multiplanar imaging capabilities, increased spatial and contrast resolution, anatomic detail and assessment of fibroid viability that MR provides over ultrasound allows for accurate pre-treatment planning and post-treatment assessment. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the use of MR in the selection of patients, anatomic evaluation and p...
Peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT images: a new observation.
PURPOSE: To describe peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT images in 31 patients with fascioliasis confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 24) or surgery (n = 7). Image analyses were performed to identify hepatic, biliary, and peritoneal abnormalities. RESULTS: Hepatic abnormalities were seen in 28 (90.3 %) of the 31 patients. The most common finding was caves sign, which was present in 25 (80.1 %) patients. Three patients (9.7 %) p...
Emergency physicians and radiologists are increasingly confronted with aging HIV-positive or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with acute abdominal symptoms, who often require immediate medical or surgical treatment. A wide spectrum of infectious and neoplastic HIV-related gastrointestinal diseases may be encountered, along with atypical presentations of common disorders. Since symptoms and physical findings are commonly nonspecific or masked by concurrent illnesses, medications, and weak i...
Computed tomography of gastrohepatic ligament involvement by gastric carcinoma.
PURPOSE: This study was aimed to analyze the contrast-enhanced CT features of gastrohepatic ligament (GHL) involvement in gastric carcinoma (GC) and to evaluate the influence of GHL on the spread of GC correlating with the anatomic bases. METHODS: CT scans of 41 patients known to have GC and GHL involvement were reviewed retrospectively for the primary tumor and the GHL abnormalities, as well as the role GHL played in the spread of GC. Emphasis was placed on direct invasion, lymph node metastasis, and GHL s...
Image-guided percutaneous biopsy of abdominal masses is among the most commonly performed procedures in interventional radiology. While most abdominal masses are readily amenable to percutaneous biopsy, some may be technically challenging for a number of reasons. Low lesion conspicuity, small size, overlying or intervening structures, motion, such as that due to respiration, are some of the factors that can influence the ability and ultimately the success of an abdominal biopsy. Various techniques or techno...
Symptoms of Crohn's disease (CD) can be due to active inflammation or fibrosis. Differentiating these based on clinical presentation, endoscopy, laboratory parameters, and clinical scoring methods can be inaccurate and/or invasive. As therapy decisions are often directed based on whether active disease or fibrosis is present, a reliable and non-invasive test to distinguish these two etiologies would be a powerful clinical tool. CT enterography (CT-E) and MR enterography (MR-E) are two non-invasive imaging m...
CT imaging features of acinar cell carcinoma and its hepatic metastases.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and describe the computed tomography features of pure acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) and its liver metastases. METHODS: Thirty patients were evaluated. Two radiologists evaluated imaging findings for each tumor for size, location, internal density, enhancement, tumor calcifications, pancreatic, and common biliary ductal obstructions and metastases. RESULTS: 70 % were male. Fourteen tumors were located in the pancreatic head, 14 in the tail, one in the neck, and one in the uncinate proce...
Routine use of precontrast and delayed acquisitions in abdominal CT: time for change.
OBJECTIVE: With major efforts being made to reduce radiation exposure in CT, one area of practice that requires additional improvement is limiting the number of acquisitions for body CT imaging. This review article defines best MDCT practice in terms of tailored abdominal CT protocols, designed to maximize lesion detection while limiting radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The literature defines optimal acquisitions for a range of abdominal CT indications, with precontrast and delayed acquisitions being least...
The obstructed defecation syndrome is the main functional disorder of the posterior or ano-rectal pelvic floor compartment. Different mechanical and functional rectal disorders may cause this syndrome, including rectocele, rectal invagination, rectal prolapse, and pubo-rectalis muscle dyskinesia. Since pelvic floor muscles and fasciae act as a unique functional entity, dysfunctions of the posterior compartment are usually associated to variable dysfunctions of the anterior and middle urogenital compartments...
Anal carcinoma: FDG PET/CT in staging, response evaluation, and follow-up.
The role of FDG PET/CT in anal cancer is becoming increasingly important. At the time of initial staging, FDG PET/CT can detect the primary site of disease more frequently than CT, is sensitive for nodal and metastatic spread and alters staging in a significant number of patients. Indeed, the NCCN guidelines for anal cancer published in April 2012 recommend FDG PET/CT for therapy planning. Metabolic activity of primary anal cancer at presentation is a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis, treatment...
CT and MR enterography in evaluating small bowel diseases: when to use which modality?
MR and CT techniques optimized for small bowel imaging are playing an increasing role in the evaluation of small bowel disorders. Several studies have shown the advantages of these techniques over traditional barium fluoroscopic examinations due to improvements in spatial and temporal resolution combined with improved bowel distending agents. The preference of MR vs. CT has been geographical and based on expertise and public policy. With the increasing awareness of radiation exposure, there has been a more...
Imaging obese patients: problems and solutions.
Obesity is an epidemic in the United States and Western World with an associated increasing impact on radiology departments. The increased prevalence of obesity in conjunction with the growing use and success of bariatric surgery results in an influx of obese patients into the health system in need of hospital services and care. Imaging services in particular are in demand in this patient population. Obese patients place special needs upon facilities and imaging equipment and also create technical challenge...
Hepatic angiomyolipoma: CT and MR imaging findings with clinical-pathologic comparison.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical, pathologic, and computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) and to improve the diagnostic efficacy of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings were retrospectively evaluated in 18 patients with HAML. Two patients underwent both CT and MRI, ten underwent CT alone, and six underwent MRI alone. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced examinations were p...
Obturator hernia of the fallopian tube.
Obturator hernia of the fallopian tube is extremely rare. Multidetector computed tomography of a 43-year-old nulliparous woman with sudden onset lower right abdominal pain showed a low-density mass in the right obturator canal suspected of being an obturator hernia of the uterine adnexa. She was diagnosed as having an incarcerated obturator hernia of the fallopian tube at operation and treated with prosthetic mesh. Obturator hernia of the fallopian tube is very rare, and all cases reported in the literature...
