PubMed Journal Database | Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 99 from Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
OBJECTIVE: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view. METHOD: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (...
Lithium's role in neural plasticity and its implications for mood disorders.
OBJECTIVE: Lithium (Li) is often an effective treatment for mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BPD), and can mitigate the effects of stress on the brain by modulating several pathways to facilitate neural plasticity. This review seeks to summarize what is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying Li's actions in the brain in response to stress, particularly how Li is able to facilitate plasticity through regulation of the glutamate system and cytoskeletal components. METHOD: The authors cond...
Opening Pandora's box: how DSM-5 is coming to grief.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined general medical illnesses and their association with clinical features of bipolar disorder. METHOD: Data were cross-sectional and derived from the Lithium Treatment - Moderate Dose Use Study (LiTMUS), which randomized symptomatic adults (n = 264 with available medical comorbidity scores) with bipolar disorder to moderate doses of lithium plus optimized treatment (OPT) or to OPT alone. Clinically significant high and low medical comorbidity burden were defined as a Cumulative...
OBJECTIVE: Given the familial influences on schizophrenia, it may be hypothesized that specific symptom domains also cluster within families, and that this applies to both clinical and subclinical levels of expression. This hypothesis was put to the test in a group of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of psychotic disorder together with their unaffected siblings, and a group of healthy sib-pairs. METHOD: Subclinical positive, negative and depressive symptoms in relatives and healthy controls were assessed wi...
Heterogeneity of schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
OBJECTIVE: Low diagnostic reliability, the need to meet criteria of two disorders, and its status as residual diagnosis in clinical practice led us to hypothesize that schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity, particularly in comparison with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). As this has not been investigated the aim of this study is to test whether heterogeneity is larger in SAD than in SZ and BD. METHOD: Systematic search for studies simultaneously comparing...
Psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis are related to both childhood abuse and COMT genotypes.
OBJECTIVE: To test whether the association between childhood abuse, cannabis use and psychotic experiences (PEs) was moderated by the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene. METHOD: Psychotic experiences (PEs), childhood abuse, cannabis use and COMT Val158Met genotypes were assessed in 533 individuals from the general population. Data were analysed hierarchically by means of multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Childhood abuse showed a significant main effect on both positive (β = 0.09; SE = 0...
No effect of acute tryptophan depletion on verbal declarative memory in young persons with ADHD.
OBJECTIVE: Animal experiments and studies in adults have shown that the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in learning and memory processes. However, data on this relationship in young persons are scarce, and neurodietary research in this age group is limited compared with the extensive literature on adults. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of a diminished central nervous 5-HT synthesis, which is achieved by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) Moja-De , on memory function in young m...
The impact of acute tryptophan depletion on attentional performance in adult patients with ADHD.
OBJECTIVE: To date, the impact of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) on different neuropsychological functions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is underinvestigated. We aimed to examine the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and the resulting reduction in central nervous 5-HT synthesis on target/non-target discrimination ability and sustained attention in adults with ADHD using an AX-Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT). METHOD: Twenty male patients with ADHD (age:...
OBJECTIVE: Personality traits are presumed to endure over time, but the literature regarding older age is sparse. Furthermore, interpretation may be hampered by the presence of dementia-related personality changes. The aim was to study stability in neuroticism and extraversion in a population sample of women who were followed from mid-life to late life. METHOD: A population-based sample of women born in 1918, 1922 or 1930 was examined with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 1968-1969. EPI was assess...
The CACNA1C risk allele selectively impacts on executive function in bipolar type I disorder.
OBJECTIVE: Calcium channels are important for converting electrical activity into biochemical events. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1006737) in the CACNA1C gene has been strongly associated with increased risk for Bipolar disorder (BD) in genome-wide association studies. Recently, this same SNP has been reported to influence executive function in schizophrenia and controls, but it remains unclear whether this SNP affects behaviour, especially cognition in subjects with BD. METHOD: A total of 109...
OBJECTIVE: Guided Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for panic disorder has been shown to be efficacious in several randomized controlled trials. However, the effectiveness of the treatment when delivered within routine psychiatric care has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ICBT for panic disorder within the context of routine psychiatric care. METHOD: We conducted a cohort study investigating all patients (n = 570) who had received guided ICBT...
Quantitative autistic traits ascertained in a national survey of 22 529 Japanese schoolchildren.
OBJECTIVE: Recent epidemiologic studies worldwide have documented a rise in prevalence rates for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Broadening of diagnostic criteria for ASD may be a major contributor to the rise in prevalence, particularly if superimposed on an underlying continuous distribution of autistic traits. This study sought to determine the nature of the population distribution of autistic traits using a quantitative trait measure in a large national population sample of children. METHOD: The Japane...
False positives and false negatives: is the answer relatively simple?
Outcomes of child psychiatric treatment.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes of child psychiatric outpatient treatment as usual and to identify outcome predictors, with special regard to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and conduct disorder. METHOD: Routinely collected data from 12 613 outpatients between July 2006 and January 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden were analysed. The outcome measure was change in Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) ratings between firs...
Lost in transition: setting the psychosis threshold in prodromal research.
Psychopathological long-term outcome of schizophrenia - a review.
OBJECTIVE: In the past, the comparability of empirical studies that examined the course and outcome of schizophrenia was limited by their use of different diagnostic systems. Focussing on the psychopathological long-term outcome, the present article aims to review follow-up studies that used modern operationalized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10). METHOD: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX for rel...
Gray matter volume alterations related to trait dissociation in PTSD and traumatized controls.
OBJECTIVE: This study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain structural alterations related to trait dissociation and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Thirty-two subjects either developing (N = 15) or non-developing (N = 17) PTSD underwent MRI scanning and were assessed with the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), subscales for pathological (DES-T) and non-pathological trait (DES-A) dissociation, and other clinical measures. Gray matter volume (GMV)...
Zetterqvist J, Asherson P, Halldner L, Långström N, Larsson H. Stimulant and non-stimulant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug use: total population study of trends and discontinuation patterns 2006-2009. Objective: To explore the prevalence and discontinuation of dispensed medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs from 2006 to 2009. Method: A total population cohort of all individuals aged 6-45 years, alive and registered as residents in Sweden during any cal...
Efficacy of psychoeducation on symptomatic and functional recovery in bipolar disorder.
de Barros Pellegrinelli K, de O. Costa LF, Silval KID, Dias VV, Roso MC, Bandeira M, Colom F, Moreno RA. Efficacy of psychoeducation on symptomatic and functional recovery in bipolar disorder. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducation in the symptomatic and functional recovery, and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Method: The sample comprised 55 patients with BD I and II in remission (Young Mania Rating Scale ≤6 and Hamilton Depression Rating Sca...
Shahnawaz Z, Reppermund S, Brodaty H, Crawford JD, Draper B, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. Prevalence and characteristics of depression in mild cognitive impairment: the Sydney memory and ageing study. Objective: Depression might be a risk factor for dementia. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether mood or motivation-related symptoms are predominant. Method: A total of 767 non-demented community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years c...
Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia.
Fan X, Borba CPC, Copeland P, Hayden D, Freudenreich O, Goff DC, Henderson DC. Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Objective: This study examined the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole therapy on metabolism in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Method: In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either aripiprazole (15 mg/day) or placebo. At baseline and week 8, metabolic parameters were ass...
Nuevo R, Van Os J, Arango C, Chatterji S, Ayuso-Mateos J. L. Evidence for the early clinical relevance of hallucinatory-delusional states in the general population. Objective: To analyze, in a general population sample, clustering of delusional and hallucinatory experiences in relation to environmental exposures and clinical parameters. Method: General population-based household surveys of randomly selected adults between 18 and 65 years of age were carried out. Setting: 52 countries participating i...
