PubMed Journal Database | American journal of public health 
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Showing PubMed Articles 1–25 of 112 from American journal of public health
RELATIVE MEASURES ALONE TELL ONLY PART OF THE STORY.
This article does not have an abstract.
Leading the Way Toward the Next 100 Years of Publishing.
This article does not have an abstract.
SMOKE-FREE LEGISLATION IN APPALACHIAN COUNTIES.
This article does not have an abstract.
Setting Population Targets for Measuring Successful Obesity Prevention.
In 2008, The Council of Australian Governments set a target to increase by 5% the proportion of Australian adults at a healthy body weight by 2017, over a 2009 baseline. Target setting is a critical component of public health policy for obesity prevention; however, there is currently no context within which to choose such targets. We analyzed the changes in current weight gain that would be required to meet Australian targets. By using transition-based multistate life tables to project obesity prevalence, w...
Community Approaches to Preventing Obesity in California.
This article does not have an abstract.
Lessons Learned From Evaluations of California's Statewide School Nutrition Standards.
Objectives. We assessed the impact of legislation that established nutrition standards for foods and beverages that compete with reimbursable school meals in California. Methods. We used documentation of available foods and beverages, sales accounts, and surveys of and interviews with students and food service workers to conduct 3 studies measuring pre- and postlegislation food and beverage availability, sales, and student consumption at 99 schools. Results. Availability of nutrition standard-compliant food...
Mounting research has suggested linkages between neighborhood safety, community design, and transportation patterns and eating and activity behaviors and health outcomes. On the basis of a review of evaluation findings from 3 multisite healthy eating and activity initiatives in California,we provide an overview of 3 community process strategies-engaging local advocates, linking safety to health, and collaborating with local government officials-that may be associated with the successful development and impl...
On the Front Lines of Childhood Obesity.
This article does not have an abstract.
Professor Natan Goldblum: The Pioneer Producer of the Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine in Israel.
This article does not have an abstract.
The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities Program: A Midpoint Review.
Objectives. We conducted a midpoint review of The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) program, which works in 6 lowincome California communities to prevent childhood obesity by changing children's environments. The HEAC program conducts interventions in 5 key childhood environments: schools, after-school programs, neighborhoods, health care, and marketing and advertising.Methods. We measured changes in foods and beverages sold at schools and in neighborhoods in HEAC sites; chang...
Objectives.We examined conditions in California low-income neighborhoods that affect obesity to inform program planning, nutrition education, community participation, investment of resources, and involvement of stakeholders. Methods. Staff members in 18 local health departments were trained to use an online geographic information system (GIS) and conduct field surveys. GIS data were aggregated from 68 low-income neighborhoods of 1 or more census tracts. Data were collected in 2007 to 2009 from 473 grocery s...
Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents.
Objectives. We assessed income-specific trends in obesity rates among a diverse population of California adolescents. Methods. We used data from 17535 adolescents who responded to the California Health Interview Survey between 2001 and 2007 to examine disparities in obesity prevalence by family income and gender. Results. Between 2001 and 2007, obesity prevalence significantly increased among lower-income adolescents but showed no statistically significant differences among higher-income adolescents after a...
Impact of the Penalty Points System on Road Traffic Injuries in Spain: A Time-Series Study.
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of the penalty points system (PPS) introduced in Spain in July 2006 in reducing traffic injuries. Methods. We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time-series design. We stratified dependent variables-numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured in traffic collisions in Spain from 2000 to 2007 (police data)-by age, injury severity, type of road user, road type, and time of collision, and analyzed variables separately by gender. Th...
William Augustus Evans (1865-1948): Public Health Leader at a Critical Time.
This article does not have an abstract.
The RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework, which provides a practical means of evaluating health interventions, has primarily been used in studies focused on changing individual behaviors. Given the importance of the built environment in promoting health, using REAIM to evaluate environmental approaches is logical. We discussed the benefits and challenges of applying RE-AIM to evaluate built environment strategies and recommended modest adaptations to the model. We t...
The Impact of Massachusetts' Smoke-Free Workplace Laws on Acute Myocardial Infarction Deaths.
Objectives. We examined the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) deaths in Massachusetts before and after the implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free workplace law in July 2004. Methods. We used Poisson regression models to examine the impact of the state law in cities and towns with and without previous local smoking bans and the effect of the local laws for the period of 1999 through 2006. Results. The AMI mortality rate decreased by 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]=3.3%, 11.4%) after implemen...
Income Inequality, Trust, and Population Health in 33 Countries.
Objectives. I examined the association between income inequality and population health and tested whether this association was mediated by interpersonal trust or public expenditures on health. Methods. Individual data on trust were collected from 48641 adults in 33 countries. These data were linked to country data on income inequality, public health expenditures, healthy life expectancy, and adult mortality. Regression analyses tested for statistical mediation of the association between income inequality an...
Cynthia Gomez: On the Road for Health Equity.
This article does not have an abstract.
Trends in Fatalities From Distracted Driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008.
Objectives. We examined trends in distracted driving fatalities and their relation to cell phone use and texting volume. Methods. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) records data on all road fatalities that occurred on public roads in the United States from 1999 to 2008. We studied trends in distracted driving fatalities, driver and crash characteristics, and trends in cell phone use and texting volume. We used multivariate regression analysis to estimate the relation between state-level distracte...
Effects of Alcohol Tax and Price Policies on Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review.
Objectives. We systematically reviewed the effects of alcohol taxes and prices on alcohol-related morbidity and mortality to assess their public health impact. Methods. We searched 12 databases, along with articles' reference lists, for studies providing estimates of the relationship between alcohol taxes and prices and measures of risky behavior or morbidity and mortality, then coded for effect sizes and numerous population and study characteristics. We combined independent estimates in random-effects mode...
An Analysis of Public Health Policy and Legal Issues Relevant to Mobile Food Vending.
Mobile food vending is a component of the food environment that has received little attention in the public health literature beyond concerns about food sanitation and hygiene issues. However, several features of mobile food vending make it an intriguing venue for food access. We present key components of mobile vending regulation and provide examples from 12 US cities to illustrate the variation that can exist surrounding these regulations. Using these regulatory features as a framework, we highlight exist...
Investing in Preventive Dental Care for the Medicare Population: A Preliminary Analysis.
Objectives. We estimated the use of preventive dental care services by the US Medicare population, and we assessed whether money spent on preventive dental care resulted in less money being spent on expensive nonpreventive procedures. Methods. We used data from the 2002 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate a multinomial logistic model to analyze the influence of predisposing, enabling, and need variables in identifying those beneficiaries who used preventive dental care, only nonpreventive dental...
Utilization of Research in Policymaking for Graduated Driver Licensing.
Young drivers are overrepresented in road trauma and vehicle-related deaths, and there is substantial evidence for the effectiveness of graduated driver licensing (GDL) policies that minimize young drivers' exposure to high-risk driving situations. However, it is unclear what role research plays in the process of making GDL policies. To understand how research is utilized in this context, we interviewed influential GDL policy actors in Australia and the United States. We found that GDL policy actors general...
Patient Safety: Moving the Bar in Prison Health Care Standards.
Improvements in community health care quality through error reduction have been slow to transfer to correctional settings. We convened a panel of correctional experts, which recommended 60 patient safety standards focusing on such issues as creating safety cultures at organizational, supervisory, and staff levels through changes to policy and training and by ensuring staff competency, reducing medication errors, encouraging the seamless transfer of information between and within practice settings, and devel...
Public Health Professionals as Policy Entrepreneurs: Arkansas's Childhood Obesity Policy Experience.
In response to a nationwide rise in obesity, several states have passed legislation to improve school health environments. Among these was Arkansas's Act 1220 of 2003, the most comprehensive school-based childhood obesity legislation at that time. Weused theMultiple Streams Framework to analyze factors that brought childhood obesity to the forefront of the Arkansas legislative agenda and resulted in the passage of Act 1220. When 3 streams (problem, policy, and political) are combined, a policy window is ope...
